{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV","short_pith_number":"pith:42MR2EJ2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.05271","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-13T05:32:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"66ae48d1451df61f8d468bc1b314516d7275164b9170cf89d98cf5b687a81b3a","abstract_canon_sha256":"e11ead8ac2252b627a31e8076206613e6760bb38852d0bbe34bce436811564ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6991d113a0741054ee82dad66eae3455a8a842479fca0bcd64dd00824442c04","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.05271","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.05271","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.05271v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.05271","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"42MR2EJ2A5AQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"42MR2EJ2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.05271","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-13T05:32:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"66ae48d1451df61f8d468bc1b314516d7275164b9170cf89d98cf5b687a81b3a","abstract_canon_sha256":"e11ead8ac2252b627a31e8076206613e6760bb38852d0bbe34bce436811564ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e6991d113a0741054ee82dad66eae3455a8a842479fca0bcd64dd00824442c04","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23.967205Z","signature_b64":"Df89PJzYOMPsmfVCeE4KhVtdMSIeqtinFRKj2GVxHS26PJB9x1Nacbhr6ZjilYlVLTNIk8o2ausAg9uuw6noCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e6991d113a0741054ee82dad66eae3455a8a842479fca0bcd64dd00824442c04","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23.966234Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23.966234Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.05271","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xb5+wlN/ldDISm88R94PElTxikLb/B56upuLwSglpjVIzWdHS7BCXlXYJ7AccPPesl9jfX746slwrJK/C1MZBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T13:52:26.866720Z"},"content_sha256":"e550d85f04ef36fb18d1e4252e9b0f737474bad03469a0a58b9c6f9a4ceb22da","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e550d85f04ef36fb18d1e4252e9b0f737474bad03469a0a58b9c6f9a4ceb22da"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"TextBugger: Generating Adversarial Text Against Real-world Applications","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Bo Li, Jinfeng Li, Shouling Ji, Tianyu Du, Ting Wang","submitted_at":"2018-12-13T05:32:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Deep Learning-based Text Understanding (DLTU) is the backbone technique behind various applications, including question answering, machine translation, and text classification. Despite its tremendous popularity, the security vulnerabilities of DLTU are still largely unknown, which is highly concerning given its increasing use in security-sensitive applications such as sentiment analysis and toxic content detection. In this paper, we show that DLTU is inherently vulnerable to adversarial text attacks, in which maliciously crafted texts trigger target DLTU systems and services to misbehave. Spec"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.05271","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ugJTRu4LdLhM+0WMZdPknfvO0Z5FHBKf98kaQeNvaTvKgj5ABo2yPg8OGX8AlQxH7uWl7dKjBoxwsZXhRby+Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T13:52:26.867067Z"},"content_sha256":"41c2df8fd7d60db43be60edd9cc40e077f504e0d004324ca1cb999ed64504fee","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:41c2df8fd7d60db43be60edd9cc40e077f504e0d004324ca1cb999ed64504fee"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T13:52:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXIFWWWN2XDIV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e11ead8ac2252b627a31e8076206613e6760bb38852d0bbe34bce436811564ad","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-13T05:32:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"66ae48d1451df61f8d468bc1b314516d7275164b9170cf89d98cf5b687a81b3a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.05271","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.05271","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.05271v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.05271","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"42MR2EJ2A5AQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"42MR2EJ2A5AQKTXI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"42MR2EJ2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:41c2df8fd7d60db43be60edd9cc40e077f504e0d004324ca1cb999ed64504fee","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Deep Learning-based Text Understanding (DLTU) is the backbone technique behind various applications, including question answering, machine translation, and text classification. Despite its tremendous popularity, the security vulnerabilities of DLTU are still largely unknown, which is highly concerning given its increasing use in security-sensitive applications such as sentiment analysis and toxic content detection. In this paper, we show that DLTU is inherently vulnerable to adversarial text attacks, in which maliciously crafted texts trigger target DLTU systems and services to misbehave. Spec","authors_text":"Bo Li, Jinfeng Li, Shouling Ji, Tianyu Du, Ting Wang","cross_cats":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-13T05:32:43Z","title":"TextBugger: Generating Adversarial Text Against Real-world Applications"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.05271","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e550d85f04ef36fb18d1e4252e9b0f737474bad03469a0a58b9c6f9a4ceb22da","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e11ead8ac2252b627a31e8076206613e6760bb38852d0bbe34bce436811564ad","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2018-12-13T05:32:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"66ae48d1451df61f8d468bc1b314516d7275164b9170cf89d98cf5b687a81b3a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.05271","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e6991d113a0741054ee82dad66eae3455a8a842479fca0bcd64dd00824442c04","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e6991d113a0741054ee82dad66eae3455a8a842479fca0bcd64dd00824442c04","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23.966234Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23.966234Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Df89PJzYOMPsmfVCeE4KhVtdMSIeqtinFRKj2GVxHS26PJB9x1Nacbhr6ZjilYlVLTNIk8o2ausAg9uuw6noCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:23.967205Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.05271","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e550d85f04ef36fb18d1e4252e9b0f737474bad03469a0a58b9c6f9a4ceb22da","sha256:41c2df8fd7d60db43be60edd9cc40e077f504e0d004324ca1cb999ed64504fee"],"state_sha256":"7fd6bd82d9985534c99b9349ad1c6e4807e6f18bdc500866bda282e64a8d5fc3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"E893HR9zwturqNTpYa63o0kDs5msBMPuliXqaSddtdYU2iLizrwErOswOTOI4OGvOnmWO3JOPQLRtkoTQ6oDCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T13:52:26.870138Z","bundle_sha256":"be5e311783a0826f043a5d338746a2197e2f67fca5ebe3eb5aa4c868027bc02f"}}