{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3","short_pith_number":"pith:4F7A4AV6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1011.2761","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2010-11-11T21:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"7c70dcf454c380f26df08bcc2a8f6a6ffd52a36081c3d26ae785ce854e331c47","abstract_canon_sha256":"2060acf652a57aa72059910ab10d2a901f191168da6958eef5da5f1aa7206ac2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e17e0e02be2aabbbbb220e1aa0eb4b26da33ebbf2fcfb8f3d920e2a8fa5518ea","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1011.2761","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1011.2761","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1011.2761v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1011.2761","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4F7A4AV6FKV3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4F7A4AV6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1011.2761","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2010-11-11T21:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"7c70dcf454c380f26df08bcc2a8f6a6ffd52a36081c3d26ae785ce854e331c47","abstract_canon_sha256":"2060acf652a57aa72059910ab10d2a901f191168da6958eef5da5f1aa7206ac2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e17e0e02be2aabbbbb220e1aa0eb4b26da33ebbf2fcfb8f3d920e2a8fa5518ea","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56.585661Z","signature_b64":"OJyjSlHHtdn8VqCeXl4BCl54xs5GKMaWqYIzsZjMjCwO9WVJglRnKlXPdxxkfyg4UJqai208nI/UsM5UFEwgDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e17e0e02be2aabbbbb220e1aa0eb4b26da33ebbf2fcfb8f3d920e2a8fa5518ea","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56.585211Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56.585211Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1011.2761","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0386FDLJeWzGHLZnQUL2FZewh7xXepfWi5s3Kh68Lxh6oCrT37Jtjt6vZdyXI+prCWYb8RcY0jgX5JqKMrsFDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T00:54:45.398248Z"},"content_sha256":"6bb716cb91e3aa34c8ebf8c903a778471c433a02e419544c1498b6a0a4850609","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6bb716cb91e3aa34c8ebf8c903a778471c433a02e419544c1498b6a0a4850609"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Anthropic Argument for Three Generations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Andrew Gould","submitted_at":"2010-11-11T21:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"The standard model of particle physics contains N_gen=3 generations of quarks and leptons, i.e., two sets of three particles in each sector, with the two sets differing by 1 unit of charge in each. All 12 \"predicted\" particles are now experimentally accounted for, and there are strong (though not air-tight) arguments that there are no more than three generations. The question is: why exactly N_gen=3? I argue that three generations is a natural prediction of the multiverse theory, provided one adds the additional, quite reasonable assumption that N_gen in a randomly realized universe is a steep"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1011.2761","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ortugTn7TJe9QPxFq6wsda1E+5UKb2n5sCthGgfd+avLNlJIoiH1vCLSd/VyTH58pxQ34UZSxgxwdmF9F2ZpCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T00:54:45.398889Z"},"content_sha256":"b4a14b6c6b07c679e9d454d082805aab7567d99efc506620075136695204e154","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b4a14b6c6b07c679e9d454d082805aab7567d99efc506620075136695204e154"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T00:54:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZCBYNKB22LE3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2060acf652a57aa72059910ab10d2a901f191168da6958eef5da5f1aa7206ac2","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2010-11-11T21:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"7c70dcf454c380f26df08bcc2a8f6a6ffd52a36081c3d26ae785ce854e331c47"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1011.2761","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1011.2761","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1011.2761v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1011.2761","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4F7A4AV6FKV3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4F7A4AV6FKV3XOZC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4F7A4AV6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b4a14b6c6b07c679e9d454d082805aab7567d99efc506620075136695204e154","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The standard model of particle physics contains N_gen=3 generations of quarks and leptons, i.e., two sets of three particles in each sector, with the two sets differing by 1 unit of charge in each. All 12 \"predicted\" particles are now experimentally accounted for, and there are strong (though not air-tight) arguments that there are no more than three generations. The question is: why exactly N_gen=3? I argue that three generations is a natural prediction of the multiverse theory, provided one adds the additional, quite reasonable assumption that N_gen in a randomly realized universe is a steep","authors_text":"Andrew Gould","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2010-11-11T21:00:02Z","title":"Anthropic Argument for Three Generations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1011.2761","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6bb716cb91e3aa34c8ebf8c903a778471c433a02e419544c1498b6a0a4850609","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2060acf652a57aa72059910ab10d2a901f191168da6958eef5da5f1aa7206ac2","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","hep-th"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2010-11-11T21:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"7c70dcf454c380f26df08bcc2a8f6a6ffd52a36081c3d26ae785ce854e331c47"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1011.2761","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"e17e0e02be2aabbbbb220e1aa0eb4b26da33ebbf2fcfb8f3d920e2a8fa5518ea","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e17e0e02be2aabbbbb220e1aa0eb4b26da33ebbf2fcfb8f3d920e2a8fa5518ea","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56.585211Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56.585211Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OJyjSlHHtdn8VqCeXl4BCl54xs5GKMaWqYIzsZjMjCwO9WVJglRnKlXPdxxkfyg4UJqai208nI/UsM5UFEwgDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:35:56.585661Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1011.2761","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6bb716cb91e3aa34c8ebf8c903a778471c433a02e419544c1498b6a0a4850609","sha256:b4a14b6c6b07c679e9d454d082805aab7567d99efc506620075136695204e154"],"state_sha256":"92e345ed99d1bd24e1c9b231905654e5605f65990a2e8171ec7bb8cc828d2b18"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yo4KZ7nKIppLexoYIpZ9POusKv/rBr2537s2UgTQ8oZqQRHfiGSkE+d1WHlPd7mp1RIktLG2Y6lqJCUmGZpkDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T00:54:45.401514Z","bundle_sha256":"5961027374d5366eccbfaffe7a489f02b5f8aedb6957d83a207838dbe2269b3e"}}