{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2","short_pith_number":"pith:4HG6FV2A","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.08048","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-11-20T02:59:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"29575633e4d25a0dc68d89652b764920fdf2ed17714d931e43938ca1c10f677e","abstract_canon_sha256":"fafc825c1f64df28284c96b60c20a85301f578d45616da08de5db0ee94239aee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1cde2d740145674cb8ec33fb6028aaeb7e7cdf49a8c18a8c0a0983310e7b9fa","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.08048","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.08048","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.08048v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.08048","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4HG6FV2ACRLH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4HG6FV2A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.08048","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-11-20T02:59:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"29575633e4d25a0dc68d89652b764920fdf2ed17714d931e43938ca1c10f677e","abstract_canon_sha256":"fafc825c1f64df28284c96b60c20a85301f578d45616da08de5db0ee94239aee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e1cde2d740145674cb8ec33fb6028aaeb7e7cdf49a8c18a8c0a0983310e7b9fa","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17.022362Z","signature_b64":"ljsZQUMppbPt7uZO1HhuoJtAZgLKsoMwQyROXzANTbDCQj3sAW3yKwuZFANr1dlnENLADJWt5BsyufUO3I3XAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e1cde2d740145674cb8ec33fb6028aaeb7e7cdf49a8c18a8c0a0983310e7b9fa","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17.021842Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17.021842Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.08048","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8zpt94pnfYY9MV1M/9MP3FT98P+4QO+xVfhNc3tanptE0PVMbYxQGb4tI6/nB3Pd3NxKYY1UXTe7i6+F4A/yAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T04:09:56.829702Z"},"content_sha256":"a63e89c0a8e9b1d6f83280202a1b321df0655ae7f398d2775ab0bf10aa8cce6f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a63e89c0a8e9b1d6f83280202a1b321df0655ae7f398d2775ab0bf10aa8cce6f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"QuaRel: A Dataset and Models for Answering Questions about Qualitative Relationships","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Ashish Sabharwal, Matt Gardner, Oyvind Tafjord, Peter Clark, Wen-tau Yih","submitted_at":"2018-11-20T02:59:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many natural language questions require recognizing and reasoning with qualitative relationships (e.g., in science, economics, and medicine), but are challenging to answer with corpus-based methods. Qualitative modeling provides tools that support such reasoning, but the semantic parsing task of mapping questions into those models has formidable challenges. We present QuaRel, a dataset of diverse story questions involving qualitative relationships that characterize these challenges, and techniques that begin to address them. The dataset has 2771 questions relating 19 different types of quantit"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.08048","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RAJDfJP5FQRCE+g1plxECYnu8rd9zRztp/QYfk8G9j271kqfFSZkjq7IW+wOjiSM4EuUR6Apb5nBpPTGBoGdCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T04:09:56.830298Z"},"content_sha256":"653465b984441f3e82434c031e8734c88efc5bd143db51292240a2da95d7a5d9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:653465b984441f3e82434c031e8734c88efc5bd143db51292240a2da95d7a5d9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-04T04:09:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4OYM73MAUKV2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fafc825c1f64df28284c96b60c20a85301f578d45616da08de5db0ee94239aee","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-11-20T02:59:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"29575633e4d25a0dc68d89652b764920fdf2ed17714d931e43938ca1c10f677e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.08048","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.08048","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.08048v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.08048","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4HG6FV2ACRLH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4HG6FV2ACRLHJS4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4HG6FV2A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:653465b984441f3e82434c031e8734c88efc5bd143db51292240a2da95d7a5d9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many natural language questions require recognizing and reasoning with qualitative relationships (e.g., in science, economics, and medicine), but are challenging to answer with corpus-based methods. Qualitative modeling provides tools that support such reasoning, but the semantic parsing task of mapping questions into those models has formidable challenges. We present QuaRel, a dataset of diverse story questions involving qualitative relationships that characterize these challenges, and techniques that begin to address them. The dataset has 2771 questions relating 19 different types of quantit","authors_text":"Ashish Sabharwal, Matt Gardner, Oyvind Tafjord, Peter Clark, Wen-tau Yih","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-11-20T02:59:30Z","title":"QuaRel: A Dataset and Models for Answering Questions about Qualitative Relationships"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.08048","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a63e89c0a8e9b1d6f83280202a1b321df0655ae7f398d2775ab0bf10aa8cce6f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fafc825c1f64df28284c96b60c20a85301f578d45616da08de5db0ee94239aee","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-11-20T02:59:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"29575633e4d25a0dc68d89652b764920fdf2ed17714d931e43938ca1c10f677e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.08048","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e1cde2d740145674cb8ec33fb6028aaeb7e7cdf49a8c18a8c0a0983310e7b9fa","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e1cde2d740145674cb8ec33fb6028aaeb7e7cdf49a8c18a8c0a0983310e7b9fa","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17.021842Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17.021842Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ljsZQUMppbPt7uZO1HhuoJtAZgLKsoMwQyROXzANTbDCQj3sAW3yKwuZFANr1dlnENLADJWt5BsyufUO3I3XAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:17.022362Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.08048","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a63e89c0a8e9b1d6f83280202a1b321df0655ae7f398d2775ab0bf10aa8cce6f","sha256:653465b984441f3e82434c031e8734c88efc5bd143db51292240a2da95d7a5d9"],"state_sha256":"941998c4d323c18daa1cbb28bd1ac9949ae7574f5042d35970198b8cb26c3bfa"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Yk4mbNPV+LPK5xXnSQnKUPiQlwVDpPrhv1xbDQ6y636eE1gJA6AlV+XyyetfEAXg/s8iGz80cYbYpJdGy6y8BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T04:09:56.833307Z","bundle_sha256":"4002b2f1212d43ee6a2a9bd763a5381f281b82d1ebcaf29526df1b4a88980304"}}