{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU","short_pith_number":"pith:4QCZNLCL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1409.4149","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-09-15T03:53:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4f0e703663bbd451d8ba2c49f8de4272e8fc0e1706e34f879f971142792f670a","abstract_canon_sha256":"87479517f29a7c1c66c4c92d3b467d279e6c86a984fc915c380a5ce955149cb0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e40596ac4bffcccadedf3c2d6cdcea950fd7eef508e6d94040d6a19b9dcce25e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1409.4149","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.4149","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.4149v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.4149","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4QCZNLCL77GM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4QCZNLCL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1409.4149","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-09-15T03:53:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4f0e703663bbd451d8ba2c49f8de4272e8fc0e1706e34f879f971142792f670a","abstract_canon_sha256":"87479517f29a7c1c66c4c92d3b467d279e6c86a984fc915c380a5ce955149cb0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e40596ac4bffcccadedf3c2d6cdcea950fd7eef508e6d94040d6a19b9dcce25e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02.571990Z","signature_b64":"WNcv+LmrOox+IqDJ1yrz4hrGzTd6FoiqpS5OcZ0zY2IXfg97OrfDJx4qURNdQDRapyWOOUPCL1cCuHvlBpJlDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e40596ac4bffcccadedf3c2d6cdcea950fd7eef508e6d94040d6a19b9dcce25e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02.571290Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02.571290Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1409.4149","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AeqIohzSA1LOEYiubXvLhSFgLKe8X2U7Bosau2eh0SDVEu/ToxCM28Rfv+YjDOksiNHOei3xGr9PKAFLnFjaCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T14:45:56.701166Z"},"content_sha256":"38876810cde7acdc1cc9dc69b170771d1458b3671897c173cc70ae8a8cc5952e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:38876810cde7acdc1cc9dc69b170771d1458b3671897c173cc70ae8a8cc5952e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"NFV: State of the Art, Challenges and Implementation in Next Generation Mobile Networks (vEPC)","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Abdallah Shami, Hassan Hawilo, Maysam Mirahmadi, Rasool Asal","submitted_at":"2014-09-15T03:53:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"As mobile network users look forward to the connectivity speeds of 5G networks, service providers are facing challenges in complying with connectivity demands without substantial financial investments. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is introduced as a new methodology that offers a way out of this bottleneck. NFV is poised to change the core structure of telecommunications infrastructure to be more cost-efficient. In this paper, we introduce a Network Function Virtualization framework, and discuss the challenges and requirements of its use in mobile networks. In particular, an NFV framew"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.4149","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"COuuUXxhWFEzMIHIF7h4pJljUHTmNZqXhtRbo0Az1HngQso0sgbaSDhAVcvq5fHMI3867k6dkbZ5XFCdOd16DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T14:45:56.701527Z"},"content_sha256":"41cbd6f267e62afb62af622346dd0dff953b2ac1f27becb5d85eaae0fd7776be","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:41cbd6f267e62afb62af622346dd0dff953b2ac1f27becb5d85eaae0fd7776be"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-25T14:45:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7HQWWZXHKSU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"87479517f29a7c1c66c4c92d3b467d279e6c86a984fc915c380a5ce955149cb0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-09-15T03:53:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"4f0e703663bbd451d8ba2c49f8de4272e8fc0e1706e34f879f971142792f670a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.4149","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1409.4149","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1409.4149v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1409.4149","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4QCZNLCL77GM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4QCZNLCL77GMVXW7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4QCZNLCL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:41cbd6f267e62afb62af622346dd0dff953b2ac1f27becb5d85eaae0fd7776be","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As mobile network users look forward to the connectivity speeds of 5G networks, service providers are facing challenges in complying with connectivity demands without substantial financial investments. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is introduced as a new methodology that offers a way out of this bottleneck. NFV is poised to change the core structure of telecommunications infrastructure to be more cost-efficient. In this paper, we introduce a Network Function Virtualization framework, and discuss the challenges and requirements of its use in mobile networks. In particular, an NFV framew","authors_text":"Abdallah Shami, Hassan Hawilo, Maysam Mirahmadi, Rasool Asal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-09-15T03:53:46Z","title":"NFV: State of the Art, Challenges and Implementation in Next Generation Mobile Networks (vEPC)"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.4149","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:38876810cde7acdc1cc9dc69b170771d1458b3671897c173cc70ae8a8cc5952e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"87479517f29a7c1c66c4c92d3b467d279e6c86a984fc915c380a5ce955149cb0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2014-09-15T03:53:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"4f0e703663bbd451d8ba2c49f8de4272e8fc0e1706e34f879f971142792f670a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1409.4149","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e40596ac4bffcccadedf3c2d6cdcea950fd7eef508e6d94040d6a19b9dcce25e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e40596ac4bffcccadedf3c2d6cdcea950fd7eef508e6d94040d6a19b9dcce25e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02.571290Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02.571290Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WNcv+LmrOox+IqDJ1yrz4hrGzTd6FoiqpS5OcZ0zY2IXfg97OrfDJx4qURNdQDRapyWOOUPCL1cCuHvlBpJlDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:59:02.571990Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1409.4149","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:38876810cde7acdc1cc9dc69b170771d1458b3671897c173cc70ae8a8cc5952e","sha256:41cbd6f267e62afb62af622346dd0dff953b2ac1f27becb5d85eaae0fd7776be"],"state_sha256":"fd17f923f2ac74ea5d855a6db9187be89653afa6867ccf55d1a2ec92e63d2254"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+s53cepRfB/bNC5MyTd43ymLM+mb9diwKHP2nW40H/zpnm4QfR1j4cXNLVU0W8bCiMVgyIF+NQUHaEIcyzX1AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-25T14:45:56.703434Z","bundle_sha256":"9b6cbb4dc38c03828f251abc46844b18b8721aa701c4cc38088acca0d2270072"}}