{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO","short_pith_number":"pith:4QVNWSAQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.04437","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2022-09-09T17:51:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0cc47d4e050c71c5fe366db4812bb01870f6ba0cf95f2f9944d7e1fcb14b5f36","abstract_canon_sha256":"a3c9a29f1b35a6598f0d630f257d755fe445108249d16c1daf9ef363738278e3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e42adb4810dcea1c383146c4896496a39f6c762cdef2b27182e1d3ee88f3d5be","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2209.04437","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.04437","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.04437v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.04437","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4QVNWSAQ3TVB","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBR","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4QVNWSAQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2209.04437","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2022-09-09T17:51:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0cc47d4e050c71c5fe366db4812bb01870f6ba0cf95f2f9944d7e1fcb14b5f36","abstract_canon_sha256":"a3c9a29f1b35a6598f0d630f257d755fe445108249d16c1daf9ef363738278e3"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e42adb4810dcea1c383146c4896496a39f6c762cdef2b27182e1d3ee88f3d5be","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12.874944Z","signature_b64":"k90uFJx7Bdx50rXAvP9SGgK087a1E+ZL8tadP6coXrgMUGvO0eszaq1TwuhGvpBDgDrBIS6b3yH3xxPwm0/rDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e42adb4810dcea1c383146c4896496a39f6c762cdef2b27182e1d3ee88f3d5be","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12.874355Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12.874355Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2209.04437","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dfUgC13cPiMxhigSI2kPUeUmMvGe0EQMS21IazDUV7rCiZIQ9lZGxUqY0G7oH5D8zOCuWJ7tEQTl7wUzKx4TCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T21:46:03.354739Z"},"content_sha256":"5f6290e041386b932e5b5941812460be42c5c28ddb66c99b98428c29768860a5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5f6290e041386b932e5b5941812460be42c5c28ddb66c99b98428c29768860a5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"BeyondPlanck IV. On end-to-end simulations in CMB analysis -- Bayesian versus frequentist statistics","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"A.Basyrov, A.Battista, A.Karakci, A. Marins, A.-S.Suur-Uski, A.Zacchei, B.Hensley, B.Partridge, C.Franceschet, D.Herman, D.J.Watts, D.Maino, D.Tavagnacco, E.Gjerlow, E.Keihanen, F.B.Abdalla, F.Rahman, G.A.Hoerning, G.Maggio, H.K.Eriksen, H.Thommesen, H.T.Ihle, I.K.Wehus, J.B.Jewell, J.R.Eskilt, K.J.Andersen, K.S.F.Fornazier, L.P.L.Colombo, L.T.Hergt, M.Bersanelli, M.Brilenkov, M.Galloway, M.Ieronymaki, M.K.Foss, M.Maris, M.Reinecke, M.Tomasi, N.-O.Stutzer, R.Aurlien, R.Banerji, R.Keskitalo, S.Bertocco, S.Bollanos, S.Galeotta, S.Gerakakis, S.Paradiso, T.D.Hoang, T.L.Svalheim, T.Murokoshi, U.Fuskeland, Y. Zhou","submitted_at":"2022-09-09T17:51:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"End-to-end simulations play a key role in the analysis of any high-sensitivity CMB experiment, providing high-fidelity systematic error propagation capabilities unmatched by any other means. In this paper, we address an important issue regarding such simulations, namely how to define the inputs in terms of sky model and instrument parameters. These may either be taken as a constrained realization derived from the data, or as a random realization independent from the data. We refer to these as Bayesian and frequentist simulations, respectively. We show that the two options lead to significantly"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.04437","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2209.04437/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Sp+N5h7fG9LJSC7Zn6UbeB5efdjWr+7VJYKS4xdqauilAgoRGHpKoytLs4zQXfGZxOUait9HFJ6NVPb4aN4wAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T21:46:03.384376Z"},"content_sha256":"cc283ddaf8c9d0213c7977408b61d67c81586cc6be5095bd734f3ded584b9f5a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cc283ddaf8c9d0213c7977408b61d67c81586cc6be5095bd734f3ded584b9f5a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T21:46:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBRI3CISZEWUO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a3c9a29f1b35a6598f0d630f257d755fe445108249d16c1daf9ef363738278e3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2022-09-09T17:51:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"0cc47d4e050c71c5fe366db4812bb01870f6ba0cf95f2f9944d7e1fcb14b5f36"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.04437","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2209.04437","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2209.04437v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2209.04437","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"4QVNWSAQ3TVB","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"4QVNWSAQ3TVBYOBR","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"4QVNWSAQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cc283ddaf8c9d0213c7977408b61d67c81586cc6be5095bd734f3ded584b9f5a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2209.04437/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"End-to-end simulations play a key role in the analysis of any high-sensitivity CMB experiment, providing high-fidelity systematic error propagation capabilities unmatched by any other means. In this paper, we address an important issue regarding such simulations, namely how to define the inputs in terms of sky model and instrument parameters. These may either be taken as a constrained realization derived from the data, or as a random realization independent from the data. We refer to these as Bayesian and frequentist simulations, respectively. We show that the two options lead to significantly","authors_text":"A.Basyrov, A.Battista, A.Karakci, A. Marins, A.-S.Suur-Uski, A.Zacchei, B.Hensley, B.Partridge, C.Franceschet, D.Herman, D.J.Watts, D.Maino, D.Tavagnacco, E.Gjerlow, E.Keihanen, F.B.Abdalla, F.Rahman, G.A.Hoerning, G.Maggio, H.K.Eriksen, H.Thommesen, H.T.Ihle, I.K.Wehus, J.B.Jewell, J.R.Eskilt, K.J.Andersen, K.S.F.Fornazier, L.P.L.Colombo, L.T.Hergt, M.Bersanelli, M.Brilenkov, M.Galloway, M.Ieronymaki, M.K.Foss, M.Maris, M.Reinecke, M.Tomasi, N.-O.Stutzer, R.Aurlien, R.Banerji, R.Keskitalo, S.Bertocco, S.Bollanos, S.Galeotta, S.Gerakakis, S.Paradiso, T.D.Hoang, T.L.Svalheim, T.Murokoshi, U.Fuskeland, Y. Zhou","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2022-09-09T17:51:13Z","title":"BeyondPlanck IV. On end-to-end simulations in CMB analysis -- Bayesian versus frequentist statistics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2209.04437","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5f6290e041386b932e5b5941812460be42c5c28ddb66c99b98428c29768860a5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a3c9a29f1b35a6598f0d630f257d755fe445108249d16c1daf9ef363738278e3","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2022-09-09T17:51:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"0cc47d4e050c71c5fe366db4812bb01870f6ba0cf95f2f9944d7e1fcb14b5f36"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2209.04437","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e42adb4810dcea1c383146c4896496a39f6c762cdef2b27182e1d3ee88f3d5be","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e42adb4810dcea1c383146c4896496a39f6c762cdef2b27182e1d3ee88f3d5be","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12.874355Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12.874355Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"k90uFJx7Bdx50rXAvP9SGgK087a1E+ZL8tadP6coXrgMUGvO0eszaq1TwuhGvpBDgDrBIS6b3yH3xxPwm0/rDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:25:12.874944Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2209.04437","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5f6290e041386b932e5b5941812460be42c5c28ddb66c99b98428c29768860a5","sha256:cc283ddaf8c9d0213c7977408b61d67c81586cc6be5095bd734f3ded584b9f5a"],"state_sha256":"e7a7ad2028ac049d2b9c39d2979b1a559779262a914d5f1dcd694afd49d8e901"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"reJtsY878RWbCb2KT0zuozLaPh2UpIdjAdx+uTbvBl9LZpQHp3RUp0yCX/9wbO2YuW0h/kppvdOTdFcQTZjjCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T21:46:03.797173Z","bundle_sha256":"85ea5743a8ed5b48c189e940e9db3df0bfe9d410c6c1c9b4c6e99bf2e71cc4eb"}}