{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI","short_pith_number":"pith:52LNP7MK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.02823","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-07T10:42:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"32ac7fdf349e2be2f3b7d96a04a215e60d4b92e9616bf56eea7f8e5b876f9db3","abstract_canon_sha256":"f0285cc22d5891eb8f2f870a1ac4db7431c7796f62aad6f2e14a9bb84d7cf796"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ee96d7fd8a60fd574e3747bd2a62b4c20cd2ff6a89fd9786255ca5327f8363ea","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.02823","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.02823","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.02823v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.02823","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"52LNP7MKMD6V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"52LNP7MKMD6VOTRX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"52LNP7MK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.02823","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-07T10:42:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"32ac7fdf349e2be2f3b7d96a04a215e60d4b92e9616bf56eea7f8e5b876f9db3","abstract_canon_sha256":"f0285cc22d5891eb8f2f870a1ac4db7431c7796f62aad6f2e14a9bb84d7cf796"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ee96d7fd8a60fd574e3747bd2a62b4c20cd2ff6a89fd9786255ca5327f8363ea","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20.674406Z","signature_b64":"f5gcT2OGDQKijx/KFt3e9nv4HoCzoGVz/GMEAnX7zSaOP7dv9BCjNyPecfCwPq6ctmxW3U3Q/xNAAxWWl8ScDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ee96d7fd8a60fd574e3747bd2a62b4c20cd2ff6a89fd9786255ca5327f8363ea","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20.673985Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20.673985Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.02823","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zMCC2HwGedpqRa2z84M0opWkN7suN49Wcvz8aQCYAMBQizd3Mb9c05nTIHxy8E6iBfwvkRfx0Yp3y00+YCnGDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T16:06:46.496684Z"},"content_sha256":"9eff5b4faec2a5ba2ed107d37de5e1719f4a452ef92fba120bce1d6b6e539583","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9eff5b4faec2a5ba2ed107d37de5e1719f4a452ef92fba120bce1d6b6e539583"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Numerical study of liquid flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Amin Ebrahimi, Ehsan Roohi, Saeid Kheradmand","submitted_at":"2018-11-07T10:42:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"The liquid flow and conjugated heat transfer performance of single-phase laminar flow in rectangular microchannels equipped with longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) are numerically investigated. Deionized-water with temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties is employed to conduct the simulations. Three-dimensional simulations are performed using an open-source flow solver based on finite volume approach and SIMPLEC algorithm. Five different configurations of the microchannel with different angles of attack of the LVGs are considered. Simulation results are compared with available expe"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.02823","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yEf1bfTOqDxKghvwZ2UhxvzlADCvr6jOmE4mQWvbzqRpM6TOhc2o70khFNjjQnt93LYsb6t2B0ZUDu+TUwKuDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T16:06:46.497022Z"},"content_sha256":"60782db1a948feb99cdbcbd5f616a956cd749d51ffc8c12022a20038ae3a079b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:60782db1a948feb99cdbcbd5f616a956cd749d51ffc8c12022a20038ae3a079b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-28T16:06:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:52LNP7MKMD6VOTRXI66SUYVUYI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0285cc22d5891eb8f2f870a1ac4db7431c7796f62aad6f2e14a9bb84d7cf796","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-07T10:42:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"32ac7fdf349e2be2f3b7d96a04a215e60d4b92e9616bf56eea7f8e5b876f9db3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.02823","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.02823","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.02823v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.02823","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"52LNP7MKMD6V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"52LNP7MKMD6VOTRX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"52LNP7MK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:60782db1a948feb99cdbcbd5f616a956cd749d51ffc8c12022a20038ae3a079b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The liquid flow and conjugated heat transfer performance of single-phase laminar flow in rectangular microchannels equipped with longitudinal vortex generators (LVGs) are numerically investigated. Deionized-water with temperature-dependent thermo-physical properties is employed to conduct the simulations. Three-dimensional simulations are performed using an open-source flow solver based on finite volume approach and SIMPLEC algorithm. Five different configurations of the microchannel with different angles of attack of the LVGs are considered. Simulation results are compared with available expe","authors_text":"Amin Ebrahimi, Ehsan Roohi, Saeid Kheradmand","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-07T10:42:55Z","title":"Numerical study of liquid flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.02823","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9eff5b4faec2a5ba2ed107d37de5e1719f4a452ef92fba120bce1d6b6e539583","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f0285cc22d5891eb8f2f870a1ac4db7431c7796f62aad6f2e14a9bb84d7cf796","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-07T10:42:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"32ac7fdf349e2be2f3b7d96a04a215e60d4b92e9616bf56eea7f8e5b876f9db3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.02823","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ee96d7fd8a60fd574e3747bd2a62b4c20cd2ff6a89fd9786255ca5327f8363ea","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ee96d7fd8a60fd574e3747bd2a62b4c20cd2ff6a89fd9786255ca5327f8363ea","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20.673985Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20.673985Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"f5gcT2OGDQKijx/KFt3e9nv4HoCzoGVz/GMEAnX7zSaOP7dv9BCjNyPecfCwPq6ctmxW3U3Q/xNAAxWWl8ScDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:01:20.674406Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.02823","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9eff5b4faec2a5ba2ed107d37de5e1719f4a452ef92fba120bce1d6b6e539583","sha256:60782db1a948feb99cdbcbd5f616a956cd749d51ffc8c12022a20038ae3a079b"],"state_sha256":"1603a3f65f39144611a68e7ad33b6a37f9970eb9f87d9be0052930b363364545"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sumyQw8iBVtEXfeF1WOauVlyw6Q6H59u1HqLDOfXIR03h1wjLiubpL9Qxzp/y85AuZIgHnXbNR9f4IF3VKEiAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-28T16:06:46.498876Z","bundle_sha256":"1d74fb1e8ee1f98f6e4dae15a912b7f8a72478c6326c5832f044a501f8de6ee9"}}