{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ","short_pith_number":"pith:552B7NTL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.00960","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-10-03T09:33:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3c9fabb41457c4e01634d40f650c81d59a844e36512f4afc7fead987d447a33b","abstract_canon_sha256":"db09f295a66551936cec52064a7aaf960b0e68eb7d2fdae9d42455326c347153"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ef741fb66b99f806c1631b9529ee99124e48d91006b4f1bb3ef160c0b0ed0f95","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2110.00960","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.00960","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.00960v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.00960","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"552B7NTLTH4A","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"552B7NTLTH4ANQLD","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"552B7NTL","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2110.00960","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-10-03T09:33:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3c9fabb41457c4e01634d40f650c81d59a844e36512f4afc7fead987d447a33b","abstract_canon_sha256":"db09f295a66551936cec52064a7aaf960b0e68eb7d2fdae9d42455326c347153"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ef741fb66b99f806c1631b9529ee99124e48d91006b4f1bb3ef160c0b0ed0f95","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50.460582Z","signature_b64":"u5Ex2noLzBNX3s5W564rv0LnfRdZxRXdQ9gx1OHm6oZLr6Ni9GH7gUznGDsgF+oRu7kMrvt1xaET3H1nbT6zAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ef741fb66b99f806c1631b9529ee99124e48d91006b4f1bb3ef160c0b0ed0f95","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50.460070Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50.460070Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2110.00960","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"feEq5hrcWPFlXGuf0PgIa5ahD74vvLj3KHAn+jRT63nay+I0ckzH+HhzBYgRN4cUhPtAGEY07FXmgk0oWwUFCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T18:28:45.484341Z"},"content_sha256":"a0b652cd1f9d8b979f1d96d253d657e975ca41ff060805fda9ca7d10485422bd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a0b652cd1f9d8b979f1d96d253d657e975ca41ff060805fda9ca7d10485422bd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Be Aware of Your Leaders","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Alberto Sonnino, Alexander Spiegelman, Dahlia Malkhi, Lefteris Kokoris Kogias, Rati Gelashvili, Shir Cohen, Zekun Li","submitted_at":"2021-10-03T09:33:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"Advances in blockchains have influenced the State-Machine-Replication (SMR) world and many state-of-the-art blockchain-SMR solutions are based on two pillars: Chaining and Leader-rotation. A predetermined round-robin mechanism used for Leader-rotation, however, has an undesirable behavior: crashed parties become designated leaders infinitely often, slowing down overall system performance. In this paper, we provide a new Leader-Aware SMR framework that, among other desirable properties, formalizes a Leader-utilization requirement that bounds the number of rounds whose leaders are faulty in cras"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.00960","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2110.00960/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KVZ9a/ZSwbZIgxLi6IJh/3A+sYawwXp5Q8ySc/AAS+rtKtv7DoHH9dSFzCO+RCiGOR0Z0CsMLL2qNgvVtCbSAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T18:28:45.484726Z"},"content_sha256":"0bdbb4460ba46a9ec168cd7868979d0b45f1d8bf39e31b01306faf60780f2e86","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0bdbb4460ba46a9ec168cd7868979d0b45f1d8bf39e31b01306faf60780f2e86"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-08T18:28:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:552B7NTLTH4ANQLDDOKST3UZCJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"db09f295a66551936cec52064a7aaf960b0e68eb7d2fdae9d42455326c347153","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-10-03T09:33:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"3c9fabb41457c4e01634d40f650c81d59a844e36512f4afc7fead987d447a33b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.00960","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2110.00960","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2110.00960v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2110.00960","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"552B7NTLTH4A","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"552B7NTLTH4ANQLD","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"552B7NTL","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0bdbb4460ba46a9ec168cd7868979d0b45f1d8bf39e31b01306faf60780f2e86","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2110.00960/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Advances in blockchains have influenced the State-Machine-Replication (SMR) world and many state-of-the-art blockchain-SMR solutions are based on two pillars: Chaining and Leader-rotation. A predetermined round-robin mechanism used for Leader-rotation, however, has an undesirable behavior: crashed parties become designated leaders infinitely often, slowing down overall system performance. In this paper, we provide a new Leader-Aware SMR framework that, among other desirable properties, formalizes a Leader-utilization requirement that bounds the number of rounds whose leaders are faulty in cras","authors_text":"Alberto Sonnino, Alexander Spiegelman, Dahlia Malkhi, Lefteris Kokoris Kogias, Rati Gelashvili, Shir Cohen, Zekun Li","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-10-03T09:33:25Z","title":"Be Aware of Your Leaders"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2110.00960","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a0b652cd1f9d8b979f1d96d253d657e975ca41ff060805fda9ca7d10485422bd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"db09f295a66551936cec52064a7aaf960b0e68eb7d2fdae9d42455326c347153","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2021-10-03T09:33:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"3c9fabb41457c4e01634d40f650c81d59a844e36512f4afc7fead987d447a33b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2110.00960","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ef741fb66b99f806c1631b9529ee99124e48d91006b4f1bb3ef160c0b0ed0f95","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ef741fb66b99f806c1631b9529ee99124e48d91006b4f1bb3ef160c0b0ed0f95","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50.460070Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50.460070Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"u5Ex2noLzBNX3s5W564rv0LnfRdZxRXdQ9gx1OHm6oZLr6Ni9GH7gUznGDsgF+oRu7kMrvt1xaET3H1nbT6zAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:19:50.460582Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2110.00960","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a0b652cd1f9d8b979f1d96d253d657e975ca41ff060805fda9ca7d10485422bd","sha256:0bdbb4460ba46a9ec168cd7868979d0b45f1d8bf39e31b01306faf60780f2e86"],"state_sha256":"75502bcbd912b1c86f13ced1939a878ab0718f2d462b93bb717ef12209bb233c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qNu5zpl9aS2ieXu/XehwA6AaKoFDtey+OtAohKqJ53WWEIv7ePaJd3rlC5v226eF+5lgQ7CBd0ZDEy4L53k4Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-08T18:28:45.487068Z","bundle_sha256":"24f1bad59bec59ee2ae41b8bd990e357848191110fc50a3888d5048d0cd3b971"}}