{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2016:5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2","short_pith_number":"pith:5GNFKSI2","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"e99a55491a67d64bdaf9bc6ca87040ce81294968e71ab5969c58b71ee57b4f7b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1612.03656","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Metal pad roll instability in liquid metal batteries","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Caroline Nore, Frank Stefani, Norbert Weber, Pascal Beckstein, Tom Weier, Vladimir Galindo, Wietze Herreman","submitted_at":"2016-12-12T13:05:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The increasing deployment of renewable energies requires three fundamental changes to the electric grid: more transmission lines, a flexibilisation of the demand and grid scale energy storage. Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) are considered these days as a promising means of stationary energy storage. Built as a stable density stratification of two liquid metals separated by a liquid salt, LMBs have three main advantages: a low price, a long life-time and extremely high current densities. In order to be cheap, LMBs have to be built large. However, battery currents in the order of kilo-amperes may"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1612.03656","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2016-12-12T13:05:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d83be78ff4de8dba3fcb5eedecdbfa89efe75e0a8c4d0aad07911ec16a35d4bc","abstract_canon_sha256":"3fc2bda84e8d487e863cabbe151150949cd7f25757ab8e8d282b2b347ef5fd10"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:29.602033Z","signature_b64":"bC6jOU0PgbQqjwoo0m4q5gg0rlwIIFEtH846uu+XF8oSBp9CjKS83uQauLARyqzfC9TAxgnP0PESpmNieZ93DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e99a55491a67d64bdaf9bc6ca87040ce81294968e71ab5969c58b71ee57b4f7b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:29.601335Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:29.601335Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Metal pad roll instability in liquid metal batteries","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Caroline Nore, Frank Stefani, Norbert Weber, Pascal Beckstein, Tom Weier, Vladimir Galindo, Wietze Herreman","submitted_at":"2016-12-12T13:05:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"The increasing deployment of renewable energies requires three fundamental changes to the electric grid: more transmission lines, a flexibilisation of the demand and grid scale energy storage. Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) are considered these days as a promising means of stationary energy storage. Built as a stable density stratification of two liquid metals separated by a liquid salt, LMBs have three main advantages: a low price, a long life-time and extremely high current densities. In order to be cheap, LMBs have to be built large. However, battery currents in the order of kilo-amperes may"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.03656","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1612.03656","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:29.601449+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1612.03656v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:29.601449+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1612.03656","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:29.601449+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5GNFKSI2M7LE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01.593930+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01.593930+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5GNFKSI2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01.593930+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2","json":"https://pith.science/pith/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/5GNFKSI2"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/5GNFKSI2","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1612.03656&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/5GNFKSI2M7LEXWXZXRWKQ4CAZ2/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:29.601449+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:43:29.601449+00:00"}