{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B","short_pith_number":"pith:5GSKVYHD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.12680","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2023-02-24T15:12:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"34eefb6268d5c7f93ceb2132755058d43d926068b94710f5b2ea643e94da0918","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6e8c2a2b90807073316520ef908cfb055f802f77384e2513466f39bd6290a0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e9a4aae0e3b6858a07eb8216e59cc7d871d644013cd75e37d959b92ab4230b32","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2302.12680","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.12680","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.12680v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.12680","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5GSKVYHDW2CY","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7L","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5GSKVYHD","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.12680","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2023-02-24T15:12:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"34eefb6268d5c7f93ceb2132755058d43d926068b94710f5b2ea643e94da0918","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6e8c2a2b90807073316520ef908cfb055f802f77384e2513466f39bd6290a0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"e9a4aae0e3b6858a07eb8216e59cc7d871d644013cd75e37d959b92ab4230b32","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29.968915Z","signature_b64":"0EGfzxKoCDmtU0RyiKT9/oKgyJ8ny8ri6FNTnje9mWTtee2kpvWcg5RNgUF7yyz8cYjJJdRtXVpOqig64cAEAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"e9a4aae0e3b6858a07eb8216e59cc7d871d644013cd75e37d959b92ab4230b32","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29.968408Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29.968408Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2302.12680","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Z8MOZaQL40tSruK0V2fNmr1mX40RRWx9L8PcOIms6SOhXXy/9Uf7rORQ4bvn1KQ+w80+BVrzQOtHCjts4X8QCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:50:18.043322Z"},"content_sha256":"9a5376ffa2135f0d7f66193ca57bf9f2b847a9ca71b50452f7a7bbc6da231ca0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9a5376ffa2135f0d7f66193ca57bf9f2b847a9ca71b50452f7a7bbc6da231ca0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optical Frequency Averaging of Light","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.ins-det"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Alexander P. Medeiros, Gavin N. West, Paul W. Juodawlkis, Robert. P. McConnell, Ryan T. Maxson, William Loh","submitted_at":"2023-02-24T15:12:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"The use of averaging has long been known to reduce noise in statistically independent systems that exhibit similar levels of stochastic fluctuation. This concept of averaging is general and applies to a wide variety of physical and man-made phenomena such as particle motion, shot noise, atomic clock stability, measurement uncertainty reduction, and methods of signal processing. Despite its prevalence in use for reducing statistical uncertainty, such averaging techniques so far remain comparatively undeveloped for application to light. We demonstrate here a method for averaging the frequency un"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.12680","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.12680/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UIKSRcJpMbt0IIuFyJ/0oKGu8BuaVFPwxL4PoVHNV9S5FDSX8c5tE+H/Jwr7Z5J0p158bcYXOZngyMCUnKchBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:50:18.043836Z"},"content_sha256":"bf03ba4d7cb7de22a006872ed4a52eef90b719c09aa13eac6e2bcfcc7fd74288","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bf03ba4d7cb7de22a006872ed4a52eef90b719c09aa13eac6e2bcfcc7fd74288"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T12:50:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7LQILOLHGH3B","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6e8c2a2b90807073316520ef908cfb055f802f77384e2513466f39bd6290a0","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2023-02-24T15:12:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"34eefb6268d5c7f93ceb2132755058d43d926068b94710f5b2ea643e94da0918"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.12680","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.12680","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.12680v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.12680","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5GSKVYHDW2CY","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5GSKVYHDW2CYUB7L","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5GSKVYHD","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:bf03ba4d7cb7de22a006872ed4a52eef90b719c09aa13eac6e2bcfcc7fd74288","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2302.12680/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The use of averaging has long been known to reduce noise in statistically independent systems that exhibit similar levels of stochastic fluctuation. This concept of averaging is general and applies to a wide variety of physical and man-made phenomena such as particle motion, shot noise, atomic clock stability, measurement uncertainty reduction, and methods of signal processing. Despite its prevalence in use for reducing statistical uncertainty, such averaging techniques so far remain comparatively undeveloped for application to light. We demonstrate here a method for averaging the frequency un","authors_text":"Alexander P. Medeiros, Gavin N. West, Paul W. Juodawlkis, Robert. P. McConnell, Ryan T. Maxson, William Loh","cross_cats":["physics.ins-det"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2023-02-24T15:12:47Z","title":"Optical Frequency Averaging of Light"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.12680","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9a5376ffa2135f0d7f66193ca57bf9f2b847a9ca71b50452f7a7bbc6da231ca0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6e8c2a2b90807073316520ef908cfb055f802f77384e2513466f39bd6290a0","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2023-02-24T15:12:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"34eefb6268d5c7f93ceb2132755058d43d926068b94710f5b2ea643e94da0918"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.12680","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"e9a4aae0e3b6858a07eb8216e59cc7d871d644013cd75e37d959b92ab4230b32","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"e9a4aae0e3b6858a07eb8216e59cc7d871d644013cd75e37d959b92ab4230b32","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29.968408Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29.968408Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0EGfzxKoCDmtU0RyiKT9/oKgyJ8ny8ri6FNTnje9mWTtee2kpvWcg5RNgUF7yyz8cYjJJdRtXVpOqig64cAEAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:36:29.968915Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2302.12680","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9a5376ffa2135f0d7f66193ca57bf9f2b847a9ca71b50452f7a7bbc6da231ca0","sha256:bf03ba4d7cb7de22a006872ed4a52eef90b719c09aa13eac6e2bcfcc7fd74288"],"state_sha256":"41014cec5f167b534261a19665b392b706d0ee96924cc243e16aa664e26a7248"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nDo6VeQSSTqQvQsbHisalqvHTdhwLDO6boLp+cuPNzE9xlJzugVb3BQ3Y0f0AtOKNAMKW5vjlBQMoUKbh+/LCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T12:50:18.048526Z","bundle_sha256":"f26619963c47e246d44f07e196390a41348c34f5709dc3f05c7b011576da6426"}}