{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ","short_pith_number":"pith:5KO7SFUJ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.3216","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T08:27:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"title_canon_sha256":"fb19de97104d2d946c87fd3259b1e7aec2e4679c9833cc96e088a058a208cef1","abstract_canon_sha256":"1421dcbf88e02492ebda498d1ed417d12270d689d228a23a4e32d91e3ee2be94"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ea9df91689b7c7f09934c24897c4f4443d7b6f6a1951957b80dbef5657581c2a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1410.3216","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.3216","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.3216v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.3216","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5KO7SFUJW7D7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5KO7SFUJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1410.3216","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T08:27:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"title_canon_sha256":"fb19de97104d2d946c87fd3259b1e7aec2e4679c9833cc96e088a058a208cef1","abstract_canon_sha256":"1421dcbf88e02492ebda498d1ed417d12270d689d228a23a4e32d91e3ee2be94"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ea9df91689b7c7f09934c24897c4f4443d7b6f6a1951957b80dbef5657581c2a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11.821137Z","signature_b64":"BvyRn+0EGws9VuwbXOVsswGrmwFGdqXy0IblImjFMVLTcR2yGhrhNzcGpsr2hUTXuc4JNsb3SNNlnaOIx2FmDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ea9df91689b7c7f09934c24897c4f4443d7b6f6a1951957b80dbef5657581c2a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11.820524Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11.820524Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1410.3216","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MwI0sErYHkg/upuMtL0+Kg7CzXllGtO0GgcNVy3s9WfUgu4ODobfPv3PmF4mxkq1HFb94M37oPivI8Vl6ywxBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T13:37:59.187635Z"},"content_sha256":"018340f5ad0ef520bc91adf39ee676b72361ad14b13e4e73322e93a52d4c701c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:018340f5ad0ef520bc91adf39ee676b72361ad14b13e4e73322e93a52d4c701c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Scalar QED$_2$ with a topological term - a lattice study in a dual representation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"primary_cat":"hep-lat","authors_text":"Christof Gattringer, Thomas Kloiber","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T08:27:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a dual representation for the partition function of 2-dimensional scalar quantum electrodynamics with a topological term ($\\theta$-term). In the dual representation the complex action problem at non-zero $\\theta$ is absent, which is an obstacle for Monte Carlo simulations in the conventional form of the model. We discuss the technical aspects of the dual representation and show that a dual Monte Carlo simulation can be implemented. As a first application we demonstrate how the $2\\pi$-periodicity of physical observables is recovered in a suitable continuum limit."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.3216","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aZauHqScNVrz3Ww0cxMXdWFU1b9jAZPujoqLaP5JUp7b1Qjgk7+Z/xKdokB1iwpO8CkHaG+buTd4G+OQbGGnCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T13:37:59.188179Z"},"content_sha256":"08604b63491e70d9e8b965169e7e3ffd0bfe3b4070721fc4c761e5f03b3f4ef6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:08604b63491e70d9e8b965169e7e3ffd0bfe3b4070721fc4c761e5f03b3f4ef6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-04T13:37:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJUYJEJPRHUIQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1421dcbf88e02492ebda498d1ed417d12270d689d228a23a4e32d91e3ee2be94","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T08:27:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb19de97104d2d946c87fd3259b1e7aec2e4679c9833cc96e088a058a208cef1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.3216","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.3216","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.3216v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.3216","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5KO7SFUJW7D7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5KO7SFUJW7D7BGJU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5KO7SFUJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:14Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:08604b63491e70d9e8b965169e7e3ffd0bfe3b4070721fc4c761e5f03b3f4ef6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a dual representation for the partition function of 2-dimensional scalar quantum electrodynamics with a topological term ($\\theta$-term). In the dual representation the complex action problem at non-zero $\\theta$ is absent, which is an obstacle for Monte Carlo simulations in the conventional form of the model. We discuss the technical aspects of the dual representation and show that a dual Monte Carlo simulation can be implemented. As a first application we demonstrate how the $2\\pi$-periodicity of physical observables is recovered in a suitable continuum limit.","authors_text":"Christof Gattringer, Thomas Kloiber","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T08:27:51Z","title":"Scalar QED$_2$ with a topological term - a lattice study in a dual representation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.3216","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:018340f5ad0ef520bc91adf39ee676b72361ad14b13e4e73322e93a52d4c701c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1421dcbf88e02492ebda498d1ed417d12270d689d228a23a4e32d91e3ee2be94","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-lat","submitted_at":"2014-10-13T08:27:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb19de97104d2d946c87fd3259b1e7aec2e4679c9833cc96e088a058a208cef1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.3216","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ea9df91689b7c7f09934c24897c4f4443d7b6f6a1951957b80dbef5657581c2a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ea9df91689b7c7f09934c24897c4f4443d7b6f6a1951957b80dbef5657581c2a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11.820524Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11.820524Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"BvyRn+0EGws9VuwbXOVsswGrmwFGdqXy0IblImjFMVLTcR2yGhrhNzcGpsr2hUTXuc4JNsb3SNNlnaOIx2FmDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:40:11.821137Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1410.3216","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:018340f5ad0ef520bc91adf39ee676b72361ad14b13e4e73322e93a52d4c701c","sha256:08604b63491e70d9e8b965169e7e3ffd0bfe3b4070721fc4c761e5f03b3f4ef6"],"state_sha256":"35e5063253b377edbe6c3473e5f276b94dc449c2c1828e61ca2592efa3940d89"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ydYljVJK+5iJ4dyH6pi0kBb/Dk3TwlTX1h1Qo5SW5OG9ArJjCJiU+GxgWS+gkLwBHrstYJH03VFWXfkCdcA5DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T13:37:59.190250Z","bundle_sha256":"5faeb747a1cd3ba4046f8f7f2f80a954921222361beff30a0d01876d5a6da3a8"}}