{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7","short_pith_number":"pith:5PBWWYZY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.09671","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T15:42:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"70852c95d0a7ec7ea6c499738cb5476a6d47246ba37c396b3ba4856afb548463","abstract_canon_sha256":"c3a9f2ab5a072f3f31ad89438423fe9b0fe59b6931100f208664a6abfb86250e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebc36b6338c9fcefaa0b75b82313a01fda27e837a43556ee80707592e52904b0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1807.09671","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.09671","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.09671v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.09671","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5PBWWYZYZH6O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5PBWWYZY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.09671","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T15:42:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"70852c95d0a7ec7ea6c499738cb5476a6d47246ba37c396b3ba4856afb548463","abstract_canon_sha256":"c3a9f2ab5a072f3f31ad89438423fe9b0fe59b6931100f208664a6abfb86250e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"ebc36b6338c9fcefaa0b75b82313a01fda27e837a43556ee80707592e52904b0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50.601006Z","signature_b64":"hazDgIkqQq4t+0lSn5Pgz+ND5r8RuC3nM1CR2cras8WcULIPkgES/L0Xo0bxpXwBckkOULEHyhRSCiOG1dNHBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"ebc36b6338c9fcefaa0b75b82313a01fda27e837a43556ee80707592e52904b0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50.600354Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50.600354Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1807.09671","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rQnW88Akxe6buruhD6i5u87t2wtNZDSLVvlrirjR1quAvEgdFR6lJ2xhACYOOG5/nJoq1nGouAo1GOUMd1ZiCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T15:40:40.865201Z"},"content_sha256":"e6c45249fe8151a93fe79d90f05a55c707c3150e96fa7e1b0d258b81a408a7bc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e6c45249fe8151a93fe79d90f05a55c707c3150e96fa7e1b0d258b81a408a7bc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Novel ILP Framework for Summarizing Content with High Lexical Variety","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Diane Litman, Fei Liu, Wencan Luo, Zitao Liu","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T15:42:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Summarizing content contributed by individuals can be challenging, because people make different lexical choices even when describing the same events. However, there remains a significant need to summarize such content. Examples include the student responses to post-class reflective questions, product reviews, and news articles published by different news agencies related to the same events. High lexical diversity of these documents hinders the system's ability to effectively identify salient content and reduce summary redundancy. In this paper, we overcome this issue by introducing an integer"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.09671","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5M5ffJ6vOCEigc/zhp/zuS+av7+bhmzMxwsRO29dJKmNjLjFP014jkQKYMY67D44lv1VHk8rOE34frSPes8pAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T15:40:40.865561Z"},"content_sha256":"76107ff32e3f2e9496ac5d49e8f5d5e8bfbef4af2ad9626e6ce26c472ab18516","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:76107ff32e3f2e9496ac5d49e8f5d5e8bfbef4af2ad9626e6ce26c472ab18516"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-20T15:40:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQLOW4CGE5AD7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c3a9f2ab5a072f3f31ad89438423fe9b0fe59b6931100f208664a6abfb86250e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T15:42:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"70852c95d0a7ec7ea6c499738cb5476a6d47246ba37c396b3ba4856afb548463"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.09671","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.09671","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.09671v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.09671","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"5PBWWYZYZH6O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"5PBWWYZYZH6O7KQL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"5PBWWYZY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:76107ff32e3f2e9496ac5d49e8f5d5e8bfbef4af2ad9626e6ce26c472ab18516","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Summarizing content contributed by individuals can be challenging, because people make different lexical choices even when describing the same events. However, there remains a significant need to summarize such content. Examples include the student responses to post-class reflective questions, product reviews, and news articles published by different news agencies related to the same events. High lexical diversity of these documents hinders the system's ability to effectively identify salient content and reduce summary redundancy. In this paper, we overcome this issue by introducing an integer","authors_text":"Diane Litman, Fei Liu, Wencan Luo, Zitao Liu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T15:42:01Z","title":"A Novel ILP Framework for Summarizing Content with High Lexical Variety"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.09671","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e6c45249fe8151a93fe79d90f05a55c707c3150e96fa7e1b0d258b81a408a7bc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"c3a9f2ab5a072f3f31ad89438423fe9b0fe59b6931100f208664a6abfb86250e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-07-25T15:42:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"70852c95d0a7ec7ea6c499738cb5476a6d47246ba37c396b3ba4856afb548463"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.09671","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"ebc36b6338c9fcefaa0b75b82313a01fda27e837a43556ee80707592e52904b0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"ebc36b6338c9fcefaa0b75b82313a01fda27e837a43556ee80707592e52904b0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50.600354Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50.600354Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hazDgIkqQq4t+0lSn5Pgz+ND5r8RuC3nM1CR2cras8WcULIPkgES/L0Xo0bxpXwBckkOULEHyhRSCiOG1dNHBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:50.601006Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1807.09671","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e6c45249fe8151a93fe79d90f05a55c707c3150e96fa7e1b0d258b81a408a7bc","sha256:76107ff32e3f2e9496ac5d49e8f5d5e8bfbef4af2ad9626e6ce26c472ab18516"],"state_sha256":"32b7eb813d4d8eff2f975a2076ad9b708e77ac56db06a49d115ee1fb43f88573"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TkXTTy+c1Q8JNsDC2nnhMy9aRrB9Q/F//Pf/t+cEgxZCS7EPy+XsOGX8xxW/ySCjkZb/ztKfs8uPv8GYBUAqBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T15:40:40.867497Z","bundle_sha256":"a207e9109b9057b7a71379ab96a1d7a80ad3e7777331c371c07d3b3ce4a64203"}}