{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E","short_pith_number":"pith:64EOQ42A","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"q-bio/0605036","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2006-05-22T16:52:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.AO"],"title_canon_sha256":"ad0e7336666fc54b8c4104260fe05882f38ca50edca4a7c0d952dff07dba8b1d","abstract_canon_sha256":"f252876280b83ecb51b373b06a18abbe5428e86d2fa65b61e25e27ea63caaf74"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f708e8734009f6026411c42a4b8397d128ef1c8e92bdb370cc927f7ebeba6010","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"q-bio/0605036","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"q-bio/0605036","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"q-bio/0605036v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.q-bio/0605036","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"64EOQ42ABH3A","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"64EOQ42ABH3AEZAR","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"64EOQ42A","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"q-bio/0605036","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2006-05-22T16:52:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.AO"],"title_canon_sha256":"ad0e7336666fc54b8c4104260fe05882f38ca50edca4a7c0d952dff07dba8b1d","abstract_canon_sha256":"f252876280b83ecb51b373b06a18abbe5428e86d2fa65b61e25e27ea63caaf74"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f708e8734009f6026411c42a4b8397d128ef1c8e92bdb370cc927f7ebeba6010","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52.284611Z","signature_b64":"sLqxpKr/2elAbc2wOHlCqOKLhUQuYU6/gmkw7n8j3UQJpou+8rfQMnoXcXdOB1zPbSU/FcCa9uO8FFwHf/LwAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f708e8734009f6026411c42a4b8397d128ef1c8e92bdb370cc927f7ebeba6010","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52.284249Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52.284249Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"q-bio/0605036","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kaurjUHrDihdLj39CnEhCbmFLdDNA8qk0CpmciD01F5AgU3bSF+WIWDRWf19Pec9b9F450ibw1NSNqiaEI8GAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:05.361908Z"},"content_sha256":"05e4724fbbcc774da58624e72fd944fd2553697db85c878c049fc9f36dd9d742","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:05e4724fbbcc774da58624e72fd944fd2553697db85c878c049fc9f36dd9d742"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2006:64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Collective evolution and the genetic code","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["nlin.AO"],"primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","authors_text":"Carl Woese, Kalin Vetsigian, Nigel Goldenfeld (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)","submitted_at":"2006-05-22T16:52:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"A dynamical theory for the evolution of the genetic code is presented, which accounts for its universality and optimality. The central concept is that a variety of collective, but non-Darwinian, mechanisms likely to be present in early communal life generically lead to refinement and selection of innovation-sharing protocols, such as the genetic code. Our proposal is illustrated using a simplified computer model, and placed within the context of a sequence of transitions that early life may have made, prior to the emergence of vertical descent."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"q-bio/0605036","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/q-bio/0605036/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3OB58AJzDoyuKurNtTQLdkI2lMKuVV1ATa/AsXxINei2t49M7opFfmqvu/cUL9lJtZ/C7PbqDAPhIlcAn/ljBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:05.362285Z"},"content_sha256":"281208600df71559152289836e012eb5226c4c0b1022368573264f9daf5c494f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:281208600df71559152289836e012eb5226c4c0b1022368573264f9daf5c494f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:05Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2006:64EOQ42ABH3AEZARYQVEXA4X2E","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f252876280b83ecb51b373b06a18abbe5428e86d2fa65b61e25e27ea63caaf74","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.AO"],"license":"","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2006-05-22T16:52:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"ad0e7336666fc54b8c4104260fe05882f38ca50edca4a7c0d952dff07dba8b1d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"q-bio/0605036","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"q-bio/0605036","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"q-bio/0605036v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.q-bio/0605036","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"64EOQ42ABH3A","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"64EOQ42ABH3AEZAR","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"64EOQ42A","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:281208600df71559152289836e012eb5226c4c0b1022368573264f9daf5c494f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/q-bio/0605036/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A dynamical theory for the evolution of the genetic code is presented, which accounts for its universality and optimality. The central concept is that a variety of collective, but non-Darwinian, mechanisms likely to be present in early communal life generically lead to refinement and selection of innovation-sharing protocols, such as the genetic code. Our proposal is illustrated using a simplified computer model, and placed within the context of a sequence of transitions that early life may have made, prior to the emergence of vertical descent.","authors_text":"Carl Woese, Kalin Vetsigian, Nigel Goldenfeld (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)","cross_cats":["nlin.AO"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2006-05-22T16:52:27Z","title":"Collective evolution and the genetic code"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"q-bio/0605036","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:05e4724fbbcc774da58624e72fd944fd2553697db85c878c049fc9f36dd9d742","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f252876280b83ecb51b373b06a18abbe5428e86d2fa65b61e25e27ea63caaf74","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.AO"],"license":"","primary_cat":"q-bio.PE","submitted_at":"2006-05-22T16:52:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"ad0e7336666fc54b8c4104260fe05882f38ca50edca4a7c0d952dff07dba8b1d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"q-bio/0605036","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f708e8734009f6026411c42a4b8397d128ef1c8e92bdb370cc927f7ebeba6010","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f708e8734009f6026411c42a4b8397d128ef1c8e92bdb370cc927f7ebeba6010","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52.284249Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52.284249Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sLqxpKr/2elAbc2wOHlCqOKLhUQuYU6/gmkw7n8j3UQJpou+8rfQMnoXcXdOB1zPbSU/FcCa9uO8FFwHf/LwAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T17:02:52.284611Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"q-bio/0605036","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:05e4724fbbcc774da58624e72fd944fd2553697db85c878c049fc9f36dd9d742","sha256:281208600df71559152289836e012eb5226c4c0b1022368573264f9daf5c494f"],"state_sha256":"4633192972fd0daca339ba61732cd71b3353d53e1c7a3032be8a1bb6aef7d81d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kmcF0IeA3d6ov4ysyAhrW1+Q9Yffz2u3+0wGudWTwxXCETKLFRajIDztMXR9Do1qjvQG0tlKMyrZkcXt4RSpAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:40:05.364324Z","bundle_sha256":"6070b600401834f7f1dccf4dee03b4ef7451d62a93ba16161d8e20556f0c2f97"}}