{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H","short_pith_number":"pith:6E4PUQFG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.5947","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-07-22T17:17:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"4b37100b94a07489af67b12e46e1cbf67b7fce91dd3a7490ffe1c68604c06859","abstract_canon_sha256":"eb80154b15a065c8ad285a047da1e17100a27d495b89ad425be770fd6710242b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f138fa40a69b876fd05da390a158b9d1dc45181977005894c658a1175211f2b7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1407.5947","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.5947","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.5947v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.5947","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6E4PUQFGTODW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6E4PUQFG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.5947","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-07-22T17:17:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"4b37100b94a07489af67b12e46e1cbf67b7fce91dd3a7490ffe1c68604c06859","abstract_canon_sha256":"eb80154b15a065c8ad285a047da1e17100a27d495b89ad425be770fd6710242b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f138fa40a69b876fd05da390a158b9d1dc45181977005894c658a1175211f2b7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06.333977Z","signature_b64":"iDIbupi19UUB3R34gwn635duP0q3fM7DqkaEP7TiWRrbZb4HzVMWd+H4xP6StgUgSTgXCjK8SDe8dzhV0scWCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f138fa40a69b876fd05da390a158b9d1dc45181977005894c658a1175211f2b7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06.333377Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06.333377Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1407.5947","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5kCC8RRzzG84hODyzPYOs+/zqWbzbRs9q8ka5DSp2lHpgbnzYhpEXaVai6KwWhVZg0FttnmjyCvBazCnMxNEBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T18:39:15.606160Z"},"content_sha256":"66c64033b5b25acf7e6909df01c8d8ca313730d3df462a0cb83f967c3a9fc369","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:66c64033b5b25acf7e6909df01c8d8ca313730d3df462a0cb83f967c3a9fc369"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Modulation Formats and Waveforms for the Physical Layer of 5G Wireless Networks: Who Will be the Heir of OFDM?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Alessandro Ugolini, Andrea Modenini, Fredrik Rusek, Giulio Colavolpe, Paolo Banelli, Stefano Buzzi","submitted_at":"2014-07-22T17:17:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"5G cellular communications promise to deliver the gigabit experience to mobile users, with a capacity increase of up to three orders of magnitude with respect to current LTE systems. There is widespread agreement that such an ambitious goal will be realized through a combination of innovative techniques involving different network layers. At the physical layer, the OFDM modulation format, along with its multiple-access strategy OFDMA, is not taken for granted, and several alternatives promising larger values of spectral efficiency are being considered. This paper provides a review of some modu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.5947","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vAgGPRZtF/jwkhRY3jKsLytO/yXDaLoCKqmMhzs5GRlir8ZD2rMaGv03h/fSxJ0hP3rlunX997NKBqnjWPsqAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T18:39:15.606541Z"},"content_sha256":"53d2c88db0f07e06ab3bd10f6a94a57df06a064f83097165073f06dc3a36eee0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:53d2c88db0f07e06ab3bd10f6a94a57df06a064f83097165073f06dc3a36eee0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-20T18:39:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5UOIKCWFZ2H","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eb80154b15a065c8ad285a047da1e17100a27d495b89ad425be770fd6710242b","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-07-22T17:17:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"4b37100b94a07489af67b12e46e1cbf67b7fce91dd3a7490ffe1c68604c06859"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.5947","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.5947","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.5947v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.5947","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6E4PUQFGTODW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6E4PUQFGTODW7UC5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6E4PUQFG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:53d2c88db0f07e06ab3bd10f6a94a57df06a064f83097165073f06dc3a36eee0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"5G cellular communications promise to deliver the gigabit experience to mobile users, with a capacity increase of up to three orders of magnitude with respect to current LTE systems. There is widespread agreement that such an ambitious goal will be realized through a combination of innovative techniques involving different network layers. At the physical layer, the OFDM modulation format, along with its multiple-access strategy OFDMA, is not taken for granted, and several alternatives promising larger values of spectral efficiency are being considered. This paper provides a review of some modu","authors_text":"Alessandro Ugolini, Andrea Modenini, Fredrik Rusek, Giulio Colavolpe, Paolo Banelli, Stefano Buzzi","cross_cats":["math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-07-22T17:17:25Z","title":"Modulation Formats and Waveforms for the Physical Layer of 5G Wireless Networks: Who Will be the Heir of OFDM?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.5947","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:66c64033b5b25acf7e6909df01c8d8ca313730d3df462a0cb83f967c3a9fc369","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eb80154b15a065c8ad285a047da1e17100a27d495b89ad425be770fd6710242b","cross_cats_sorted":["math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2014-07-22T17:17:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"4b37100b94a07489af67b12e46e1cbf67b7fce91dd3a7490ffe1c68604c06859"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.5947","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f138fa40a69b876fd05da390a158b9d1dc45181977005894c658a1175211f2b7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f138fa40a69b876fd05da390a158b9d1dc45181977005894c658a1175211f2b7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06.333377Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06.333377Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"iDIbupi19UUB3R34gwn635duP0q3fM7DqkaEP7TiWRrbZb4HzVMWd+H4xP6StgUgSTgXCjK8SDe8dzhV0scWCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:47:06.333977Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1407.5947","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:66c64033b5b25acf7e6909df01c8d8ca313730d3df462a0cb83f967c3a9fc369","sha256:53d2c88db0f07e06ab3bd10f6a94a57df06a064f83097165073f06dc3a36eee0"],"state_sha256":"d4ecfc096aae8caf56b84e8b9621206a4cb65e148714761c368ca15add56a453"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ELKeKX/EqrWoo5xPtaLZ8E/FE1ymG822mjYsQTHESU7R5CuMUxfn/AyTxaOQaics7vdQmCC19+lAr1WTqPjlBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T18:39:15.608450Z","bundle_sha256":"45c3348853a038c2b0ae3d74e3afef7c365d13a3d952ae08261f72373ed940f2"}}