{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO","short_pith_number":"pith:6JRNAAND","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.05140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T00:23:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","physics.data-an","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"75a5040f869cfe04c76182f3abf95524beb922cf091e8ae9d6d0ad1a5356b73a","abstract_canon_sha256":"57ad25c92dc8f786b58b5c4df5da68d3bec629318ba87104cc869c62be6656ab"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f262d001a3393617f632ec5d208f4c9397b10e1c56465358dbf83fd9d74cc6db","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1601.05140","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.05140","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.05140v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.05140","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6JRNAANDHE3B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6JRNAAND","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1601.05140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T00:23:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","physics.data-an","physics.soc-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"75a5040f869cfe04c76182f3abf95524beb922cf091e8ae9d6d0ad1a5356b73a","abstract_canon_sha256":"57ad25c92dc8f786b58b5c4df5da68d3bec629318ba87104cc869c62be6656ab"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f262d001a3393617f632ec5d208f4c9397b10e1c56465358dbf83fd9d74cc6db","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34.759303Z","signature_b64":"zA/u1MLqwZQ26c2b8wxu0a+S99lxvOHcsQWUG/AfGzpmY+BlMaV3raRy96jz+7BFV/4icKo18XDEiEDlgtY2Aw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f262d001a3393617f632ec5d208f4c9397b10e1c56465358dbf83fd9d74cc6db","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34.758795Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34.758795Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1601.05140","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EPbFBBaXk+jjwPBInvpDpXg2vigfOwz3SdtvOk8GdxnAJKtX8TrQEf1mMR0FdS/23CaAdNyFkG5/i4l0UwPJDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T17:39:48.687731Z"},"content_sha256":"c17f5355f571b4b1391e50fff921582332cae205dc082d372b467aa6525e96c4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c17f5355f571b4b1391e50fff921582332cae205dc082d372b467aa6525e96c4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The DARPA Twitter Bot Challenge","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY","physics.data-an","physics.soc-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.SI","authors_text":"Alessandro Flammini, Alexander Dekhtyar, Amos Azaria, Andrew Stevens, Aram Galstyan, Emilio Ferrara, Farshad Kooti, Filippo Menczer, Kristina Lerman, Linhong Zhu, Onur Varol, Prashant Shiralkar, Qiaozhu Mei, Shuyang Gao, Skylar Durst, Tad Hogg, Tim Hwang, Vadim Kagan, Vinod Vydiswaran, V.S. Subrahmanian, Yan Liu","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T00:23:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"A number of organizations ranging from terrorist groups such as ISIS to politicians and nation states reportedly conduct explicit campaigns to influence opinion on social media, posing a risk to democratic processes. There is thus a growing need to identify and eliminate \"influence bots\" - realistic, automated identities that illicitly shape discussion on sites like Twitter and Facebook - before they get too influential. Spurred by such events, DARPA held a 4-week competition in February/March 2015 in which multiple teams supported by the DARPA Social Media in Strategic Communications program "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.05140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ff2Ff9jthhNTSXhH0/20NZB/I7+thstUyfs4jQhkIDTsAISQIlrihVjyU1HP/uudUaDDzM8uaRW9IlbQy4a5Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T17:39:48.688265Z"},"content_sha256":"9ec7d54d5a871ce061515e3f7b2e78c57f2d9911512e5a8b18425844126dfaac","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9ec7d54d5a871ce061515e3f7b2e78c57f2d9911512e5a8b18425844126dfaac"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T17:39:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS5ROSBD2MSO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57ad25c92dc8f786b58b5c4df5da68d3bec629318ba87104cc869c62be6656ab","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","physics.data-an","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T00:23:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"75a5040f869cfe04c76182f3abf95524beb922cf091e8ae9d6d0ad1a5356b73a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.05140","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1601.05140","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1601.05140v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1601.05140","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6JRNAANDHE3B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6JRNAANDHE3BP5RS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6JRNAAND","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9ec7d54d5a871ce061515e3f7b2e78c57f2d9911512e5a8b18425844126dfaac","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A number of organizations ranging from terrorist groups such as ISIS to politicians and nation states reportedly conduct explicit campaigns to influence opinion on social media, posing a risk to democratic processes. There is thus a growing need to identify and eliminate \"influence bots\" - realistic, automated identities that illicitly shape discussion on sites like Twitter and Facebook - before they get too influential. Spurred by such events, DARPA held a 4-week competition in February/March 2015 in which multiple teams supported by the DARPA Social Media in Strategic Communications program ","authors_text":"Alessandro Flammini, Alexander Dekhtyar, Amos Azaria, Andrew Stevens, Aram Galstyan, Emilio Ferrara, Farshad Kooti, Filippo Menczer, Kristina Lerman, Linhong Zhu, Onur Varol, Prashant Shiralkar, Qiaozhu Mei, Shuyang Gao, Skylar Durst, Tad Hogg, Tim Hwang, Vadim Kagan, Vinod Vydiswaran, V.S. Subrahmanian, Yan Liu","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY","physics.data-an","physics.soc-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T00:23:03Z","title":"The DARPA Twitter Bot Challenge"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1601.05140","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c17f5355f571b4b1391e50fff921582332cae205dc082d372b467aa6525e96c4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"57ad25c92dc8f786b58b5c4df5da68d3bec629318ba87104cc869c62be6656ab","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","physics.data-an","physics.soc-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SI","submitted_at":"2016-01-20T00:23:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"75a5040f869cfe04c76182f3abf95524beb922cf091e8ae9d6d0ad1a5356b73a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1601.05140","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f262d001a3393617f632ec5d208f4c9397b10e1c56465358dbf83fd9d74cc6db","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f262d001a3393617f632ec5d208f4c9397b10e1c56465358dbf83fd9d74cc6db","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34.758795Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34.758795Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zA/u1MLqwZQ26c2b8wxu0a+S99lxvOHcsQWUG/AfGzpmY+BlMaV3raRy96jz+7BFV/4icKo18XDEiEDlgtY2Aw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:49:34.759303Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1601.05140","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c17f5355f571b4b1391e50fff921582332cae205dc082d372b467aa6525e96c4","sha256:9ec7d54d5a871ce061515e3f7b2e78c57f2d9911512e5a8b18425844126dfaac"],"state_sha256":"d097879a644332d53585314f5c4799bb7c5b75f1d661bb4c7aed8520f51d1865"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YzEqYL1TjQzZL4dLls5R8dOOqyM7375hMwvZxxK+kVAUXI3a/JaUdoTpfR8m8SlJ8ImNbWjNuTEtiHH9kMjHBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T17:39:48.691451Z","bundle_sha256":"63720b1ad303184801a2699506f251e1f648565f9f36de3526418afa0d8a9a66"}}