{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ","short_pith_number":"pith:6OGHNL6Y","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1610.06369","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T11:43:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"86bb0a554bd1837e8e07ced2ad60dda7c4a57cf4328021ed58ec8e99215c8159","abstract_canon_sha256":"85ec0da0008e04f7970e5f2d4265537909004cef458cdeb957de61992e9fa9cf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f38c76afd8d94572f7f8ada1796312324be7610568e3c3be5735b07668571efb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1610.06369","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1610.06369","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1610.06369v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1610.06369","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6OGHNL6Y3FCX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6OGHNL6Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1610.06369","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T11:43:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"86bb0a554bd1837e8e07ced2ad60dda7c4a57cf4328021ed58ec8e99215c8159","abstract_canon_sha256":"85ec0da0008e04f7970e5f2d4265537909004cef458cdeb957de61992e9fa9cf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f38c76afd8d94572f7f8ada1796312324be7610568e3c3be5735b07668571efb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43.411358Z","signature_b64":"ChT6mBL4nHKAVWwZpv+CG417RC2aIejCa6wh/tp1fjDfJYUz24bQXFYKMgpcI1xk5dd3smRLlkd8+zZHf1l5DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f38c76afd8d94572f7f8ada1796312324be7610568e3c3be5735b07668571efb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43.410694Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43.410694Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1610.06369","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tKqqKCllS85TEdRwYkoS8+5ZsADnQ+0X3xqL6raIeUOM0jNDVVESjP0/rLgLiHJpNAbH5+4oAYBRILURCD94Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T19:09:29.502486Z"},"content_sha256":"a585a8680a21bc663d9ef7f14b3bdbe9af2376ccd7e16189ecf188159f76e9cd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a585a8680a21bc663d9ef7f14b3bdbe9af2376ccd7e16189ecf188159f76e9cd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Highly Efficient Ion Rejection by Graphene Oxide Membranes via Ion-controlling Interlayer Spacing","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Bingquan Peng, Bowu Zhang, Deyuan Li, Fenggang Bian, Gang Xu, Guoquan Zhou, Guosheng Shi, Haiping Fang, Jiajun Wang, Jie Shen, Jingye Li, Liang Chen, Minghong Wu, Wanqin Jin, Yuzhu Wang, Zhe Qian","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T11:43:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Because they may provide ultrathin, high-flux, and energy-efficient membranes for precise ionic and molecular sieving in aqueous solution, GO membranes (partially oxidized, stacked sheets of graphene) have shown great potential in water desalination and purification, gas and ion separation, biosensors, proton conductors, lithium-based batteries and super-capacitors. Unlike carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes, in which the nanotube pores have fixed sizes, the pores of GO membranes - the interlayer spacing between GO sheets - are of variable size. This presents a challenge for using GO membranes for"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1610.06369","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"wG0ujLSds1zkqux7HizV8UljXiK8Ze8YdQmCq0J2DMmbZ7wQ5wsXx7JmW1nRouK5tSfnB8tUxd5XevKfl/HNBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T19:09:29.503108Z"},"content_sha256":"61b3910c3a5ae68b5c3d70e2be7eeaf9118c7be8cd4ad52420f1afbabdc4f13b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:61b3910c3a5ae68b5c3d70e2be7eeaf9118c7be8cd4ad52420f1afbabdc4f13b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T19:09:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57YVWQXSYYSGJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"85ec0da0008e04f7970e5f2d4265537909004cef458cdeb957de61992e9fa9cf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T11:43:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"86bb0a554bd1837e8e07ced2ad60dda7c4a57cf4328021ed58ec8e99215c8159"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1610.06369","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1610.06369","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1610.06369v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1610.06369","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6OGHNL6Y3FCX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6OGHNL6Y3FCXF57Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6OGHNL6Y","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:61b3910c3a5ae68b5c3d70e2be7eeaf9118c7be8cd4ad52420f1afbabdc4f13b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Because they may provide ultrathin, high-flux, and energy-efficient membranes for precise ionic and molecular sieving in aqueous solution, GO membranes (partially oxidized, stacked sheets of graphene) have shown great potential in water desalination and purification, gas and ion separation, biosensors, proton conductors, lithium-based batteries and super-capacitors. Unlike carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes, in which the nanotube pores have fixed sizes, the pores of GO membranes - the interlayer spacing between GO sheets - are of variable size. This presents a challenge for using GO membranes for","authors_text":"Bingquan Peng, Bowu Zhang, Deyuan Li, Fenggang Bian, Gang Xu, Guoquan Zhou, Guosheng Shi, Haiping Fang, Jiajun Wang, Jie Shen, Jingye Li, Liang Chen, Minghong Wu, Wanqin Jin, Yuzhu Wang, Zhe Qian","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T11:43:34Z","title":"Highly Efficient Ion Rejection by Graphene Oxide Membranes via Ion-controlling Interlayer Spacing"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1610.06369","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a585a8680a21bc663d9ef7f14b3bdbe9af2376ccd7e16189ecf188159f76e9cd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"85ec0da0008e04f7970e5f2d4265537909004cef458cdeb957de61992e9fa9cf","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-10-20T11:43:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"86bb0a554bd1837e8e07ced2ad60dda7c4a57cf4328021ed58ec8e99215c8159"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1610.06369","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f38c76afd8d94572f7f8ada1796312324be7610568e3c3be5735b07668571efb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f38c76afd8d94572f7f8ada1796312324be7610568e3c3be5735b07668571efb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43.410694Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43.410694Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ChT6mBL4nHKAVWwZpv+CG417RC2aIejCa6wh/tp1fjDfJYUz24bQXFYKMgpcI1xk5dd3smRLlkd8+zZHf1l5DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:01:43.411358Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1610.06369","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a585a8680a21bc663d9ef7f14b3bdbe9af2376ccd7e16189ecf188159f76e9cd","sha256:61b3910c3a5ae68b5c3d70e2be7eeaf9118c7be8cd4ad52420f1afbabdc4f13b"],"state_sha256":"e7377c857b36dfddc02d4e3b202a4cdf687d0b650a01be71ec0472a0c8636075"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"C16KdZ/g6SiKxPtPT6et3rODpzS4XW14pnSecBPYpOfM/cdD+BQualCex6Yd+7W72Kh71Z1Y7P0GKu246/4RAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T19:09:29.506083Z","bundle_sha256":"8fbea8accca05df8400ca34ab45c7dc725fe05ad677c1ec978081fb22918cc81"}}