{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP","short_pith_number":"pith:6R4Z7BDO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.10486","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-08-24T02:20:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ddaab426916178fa3893dd3129d75b184e5622c674887786155037c27168d0d9","abstract_canon_sha256":"bdb83c3eb58a17c6d77040efcc25bbc8aea5d01c4598e92fb917847652d0b03f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4799f846e78a5e8f0a7dc26b80f3b83f04c0b43966e6c56d4659ad332f2774e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2108.10486","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.10486","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.10486v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.10486","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6R4Z7BDOPCS6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6R4Z7BDO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.10486","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-08-24T02:20:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ddaab426916178fa3893dd3129d75b184e5622c674887786155037c27168d0d9","abstract_canon_sha256":"bdb83c3eb58a17c6d77040efcc25bbc8aea5d01c4598e92fb917847652d0b03f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f4799f846e78a5e8f0a7dc26b80f3b83f04c0b43966e6c56d4659ad332f2774e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45.101094Z","signature_b64":"5//pVzdiZ4umEPl49o3wMefzT2NHtPRkhGbyZjkMfHotWkoxbxA9xsWSJMwQ1mmZnv3bCkWKRWiRekMXdtzkCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f4799f846e78a5e8f0a7dc26b80f3b83f04c0b43966e6c56d4659ad332f2774e","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45.100580Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45.100580Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2108.10486","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NgtXzhIApKjwpzaJ/w/HxBL+/So2BhMPdOMPSS8IO8NnX7IaCp9ld3OJtOQ1RWTIFJgvV4w7t/eHbII4vMzpCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T18:31:51.985353Z"},"content_sha256":"039b23370d45567f2ed929f8ed56eca089262133862ea0d22a684fe82fef5a9c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:039b23370d45567f2ed929f8ed56eca089262133862ea0d22a684fe82fef5a9c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dust Settling and Clumping in MRI Turbulent Outer Protoplanetary Disks","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Xue-Ning Bai, Ziyan Xu","submitted_at":"2021-08-24T02:20:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"Planetesimal formation is a crucial yet poorly understood process in planet formation. It is widely believed that planetesimal formation is the outcome of dust clumping by the streaming instability (SI). However, recent analytical and numerical studies have shown that the SI can be damped or suppressed by external turbulence, and at least the outer regions of protoplanetary disks are likely weakly turbulent due to magneto-rotational instability (MRI). We conduct high-resolution local shearing-box simulations of hybrid particle-gas magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), incorporating ambipolar diffusion a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.10486","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2108.10486/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZjJDmCBADR9V5uWjhHPiIoa5yrLtrMkZSOYPMk8PctehHHV4P9dVLjpvlpj+bjn/CJmIPPLu6vxAruvyBhZDDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T18:31:51.986344Z"},"content_sha256":"f2c5dbb5e130fcd0e17f4627782cea7d463e7e35e2dc44bae404af7347fcd4a0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f2c5dbb5e130fcd0e17f4627782cea7d463e7e35e2dc44bae404af7347fcd4a0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T18:31:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH3QTLQDZ3QP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bdb83c3eb58a17c6d77040efcc25bbc8aea5d01c4598e92fb917847652d0b03f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-08-24T02:20:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"ddaab426916178fa3893dd3129d75b184e5622c674887786155037c27168d0d9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.10486","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.10486","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.10486v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.10486","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6R4Z7BDOPCS6","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6R4Z7BDOPCS6R4FH","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6R4Z7BDO","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f2c5dbb5e130fcd0e17f4627782cea7d463e7e35e2dc44bae404af7347fcd4a0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2108.10486/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Planetesimal formation is a crucial yet poorly understood process in planet formation. It is widely believed that planetesimal formation is the outcome of dust clumping by the streaming instability (SI). However, recent analytical and numerical studies have shown that the SI can be damped or suppressed by external turbulence, and at least the outer regions of protoplanetary disks are likely weakly turbulent due to magneto-rotational instability (MRI). We conduct high-resolution local shearing-box simulations of hybrid particle-gas magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), incorporating ambipolar diffusion a","authors_text":"Xue-Ning Bai, Ziyan Xu","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-08-24T02:20:51Z","title":"Dust Settling and Clumping in MRI Turbulent Outer Protoplanetary Disks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.10486","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:039b23370d45567f2ed929f8ed56eca089262133862ea0d22a684fe82fef5a9c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bdb83c3eb58a17c6d77040efcc25bbc8aea5d01c4598e92fb917847652d0b03f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2021-08-24T02:20:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"ddaab426916178fa3893dd3129d75b184e5622c674887786155037c27168d0d9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.10486","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f4799f846e78a5e8f0a7dc26b80f3b83f04c0b43966e6c56d4659ad332f2774e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f4799f846e78a5e8f0a7dc26b80f3b83f04c0b43966e6c56d4659ad332f2774e","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45.100580Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45.100580Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5//pVzdiZ4umEPl49o3wMefzT2NHtPRkhGbyZjkMfHotWkoxbxA9xsWSJMwQ1mmZnv3bCkWKRWiRekMXdtzkCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:47:45.101094Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2108.10486","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:039b23370d45567f2ed929f8ed56eca089262133862ea0d22a684fe82fef5a9c","sha256:f2c5dbb5e130fcd0e17f4627782cea7d463e7e35e2dc44bae404af7347fcd4a0"],"state_sha256":"2a02a3935ad70829741362d4512f5cbd3789291a52b7e9acfd4df42605e40325"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Z+4S+oMC8B3tN/FMk2TYiLoQOdIPvYjHbAnn9dPek0xmYqU+slKPazGlq5u3u3L1aR9ovG8swC4FZlCc/CSPBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T18:31:51.994000Z","bundle_sha256":"7793a0c6486d82928bde4e8545f04fdb5ed76b33b36d6fdefed5ab1d3c9882d4"}}