{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR","short_pith_number":"pith:6USUZU3O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.02893","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-04-07T03:36:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"331e78a5e5712357bb90f3c98b5376a74dd72b50031979695290e6eb8828d269","abstract_canon_sha256":"42f63e893cb43c4109805a16cbe62e75dad7196fc91b84758c4b4abb4cbfaea5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f5254cd36e7073f371b0f038bd96cc2c57463725954c039a8f43fe02aa2f2ee8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2104.02893","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.02893","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.02893v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.02893","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6USUZU3OOBZ7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6USUZU3O","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.02893","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-04-07T03:36:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"331e78a5e5712357bb90f3c98b5376a74dd72b50031979695290e6eb8828d269","abstract_canon_sha256":"42f63e893cb43c4109805a16cbe62e75dad7196fc91b84758c4b4abb4cbfaea5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f5254cd36e7073f371b0f038bd96cc2c57463725954c039a8f43fe02aa2f2ee8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57.595097Z","signature_b64":"+RAGVJ/bnQ3ghZ71VxWHvuhrbuThy4NZfmf+At/H/pnJm0HEZO5YP98iLPkhfGXcttLGqz8c3+oF5Kaa2VQVAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f5254cd36e7073f371b0f038bd96cc2c57463725954c039a8f43fe02aa2f2ee8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57.594591Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57.594591Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2104.02893","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pABfcNNnOfOUSQ8RoXm7pFwXujDDNYSOZhvZO+Ay6tkwfwj0hXiStBBb1Q0qy5jCYw9uGc9QKZ2u4tAn01NwAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T13:11:31.537985Z"},"content_sha256":"23c5311c088c66023dde4f42a78a2bcb1af9d9584a4a0e2e89c3194b0c7c199e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:23c5311c088c66023dde4f42a78a2bcb1af9d9584a4a0e2e89c3194b0c7c199e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Combined Microwave and Laser Rayleigh Scattering Diagnostics for Pin-to-Pin Nanosecond Discharges","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"Adam Patel, Alexey Shashurin, Xingxing Wang","submitted_at":"2021-04-07T03:36:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work, the temporal decay of electrons produced by an atmospheric pin-to-pin nanosecond discharge operating in the spark regime was measured via a combination of microwave Rayleigh scattering (MRS) and laser Rayleigh scattering (LRS). Due to the initial energy deposition of the nanosecond pulse, a variance in local gas density occurs on the timescale of electron decay. Thus, the assumption of a constant collisional frequency is no longer applicable when electron number data is extracted from the MRS measurements. To recalibrate the MRS measurements throughout the electron decay period, "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.02893","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2104.02893/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"894Tc2VLKhIHatZ2MJ0uDgApg3PqcUAmtLT6qHR2xd9kb0YoVadiwbVbQL6U+Y5efYmlzT9K7+yTxebUtuslBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T13:11:31.538590Z"},"content_sha256":"95e86407aac3cd9e1a480adff1c920a895e5dd54d3f6976e4662555bc1a25e9f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:95e86407aac3cd9e1a480adff1c920a895e5dd54d3f6976e4662555bc1a25e9f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-23T13:11:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ6A4L3FWMFR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"42f63e893cb43c4109805a16cbe62e75dad7196fc91b84758c4b4abb4cbfaea5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-04-07T03:36:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"331e78a5e5712357bb90f3c98b5376a74dd72b50031979695290e6eb8828d269"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.02893","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.02893","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.02893v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.02893","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6USUZU3OOBZ7","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6USUZU3OOBZ7G4NQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6USUZU3O","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:95e86407aac3cd9e1a480adff1c920a895e5dd54d3f6976e4662555bc1a25e9f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2104.02893/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work, the temporal decay of electrons produced by an atmospheric pin-to-pin nanosecond discharge operating in the spark regime was measured via a combination of microwave Rayleigh scattering (MRS) and laser Rayleigh scattering (LRS). Due to the initial energy deposition of the nanosecond pulse, a variance in local gas density occurs on the timescale of electron decay. Thus, the assumption of a constant collisional frequency is no longer applicable when electron number data is extracted from the MRS measurements. To recalibrate the MRS measurements throughout the electron decay period, ","authors_text":"Adam Patel, Alexey Shashurin, Xingxing Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-04-07T03:36:25Z","title":"Combined Microwave and Laser Rayleigh Scattering Diagnostics for Pin-to-Pin Nanosecond Discharges"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.02893","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:23c5311c088c66023dde4f42a78a2bcb1af9d9584a4a0e2e89c3194b0c7c199e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"42f63e893cb43c4109805a16cbe62e75dad7196fc91b84758c4b4abb4cbfaea5","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2021-04-07T03:36:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"331e78a5e5712357bb90f3c98b5376a74dd72b50031979695290e6eb8828d269"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.02893","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f5254cd36e7073f371b0f038bd96cc2c57463725954c039a8f43fe02aa2f2ee8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f5254cd36e7073f371b0f038bd96cc2c57463725954c039a8f43fe02aa2f2ee8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57.594591Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57.594591Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"+RAGVJ/bnQ3ghZ71VxWHvuhrbuThy4NZfmf+At/H/pnJm0HEZO5YP98iLPkhfGXcttLGqz8c3+oF5Kaa2VQVAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:44:57.595097Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2104.02893","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:23c5311c088c66023dde4f42a78a2bcb1af9d9584a4a0e2e89c3194b0c7c199e","sha256:95e86407aac3cd9e1a480adff1c920a895e5dd54d3f6976e4662555bc1a25e9f"],"state_sha256":"a8ad138c272631e3c868f4f77fd992816aea20e4dc98175734486c0b363adbd5"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gqjpD+kT/THkMTbMEV25/3zS6a3zzKtE2pE92Iu69KEiUoSZe9vLbIf3TUCv/C+6mjQMST0qIPoeoERS9EKDDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-23T13:11:31.544209Z","bundle_sha256":"9bc3304e16a8b8cad4d94704ddfbc27e67c30732bf44071784b2b80735585a9c"}}