{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM","short_pith_number":"pith:6Y3HJLGE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.19312","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-05-29T17:36:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"247e5c300d10c18b7a1511a8238cd8428835c4753e437833b5bbe8c095488e86","abstract_canon_sha256":"d2e4361915b00dc090e3359b18d6d1478195cbf9d6ada15091219775de656e6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f63674acc49e1222a00e2dee9f8db4bb2e9827f904bad0db285fc3f76dc022e3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2405.19312","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.19312","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.19312v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.19312","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6Y3HJLGETYJC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAO","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6Y3HJLGE","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.19312","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-05-29T17:36:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"247e5c300d10c18b7a1511a8238cd8428835c4753e437833b5bbe8c095488e86","abstract_canon_sha256":"d2e4361915b00dc090e3359b18d6d1478195cbf9d6ada15091219775de656e6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f63674acc49e1222a00e2dee9f8db4bb2e9827f904bad0db285fc3f76dc022e3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52.725797Z","signature_b64":"8MMT3sSNhwJtlQV3F+BJOm0eZA5R0z+3qtCurePGZFSdWhrqv367qgJilxJWEI52TJtadM67MjeNDT7QLNQeAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f63674acc49e1222a00e2dee9f8db4bb2e9827f904bad0db285fc3f76dc022e3","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52.725328Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52.725328Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2405.19312","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aSX8xl+KDxd1ftpfQB2VHHb8sT+lihjKeRwjyaU0NG7HXs0dFuPgNLV67uhv6Kq9TbFMQhbwnIx7VZliczEhDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T03:45:47.517889Z"},"content_sha256":"e6d9b62c27b5ff1de0088cbd849c2bbe9b61bf0cda1dca52cdd0bf41164a0c6e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e6d9b62c27b5ff1de0088cbd849c2bbe9b61bf0cda1dca52cdd0bf41164a0c6e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Design-based Causal Inference for Incomplete Block Designs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Nicole E. Pashley, Taehyeon Koo","submitted_at":"2024-05-29T17:36:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Researchers often turn to block randomization to increase the precision of their inference or due to practical considerations, such as in multisite trials. However, if the number of treatments under consideration is large it might not be feasible or practical to assign all treatments within each block. We develop novel inference results under the finite-population design-based framework for natural alternatives to the complete block design that do not require reducing the number of treatment arms, the incomplete block design (IBD) and the balanced incomplete block design. This includes derivin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.19312","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2405.19312/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0ivGZzUJvGcJnYPqRuLzhbCBPjKlgwkvyCSTiRn2/K6XrCJd7n5FeEAZPJOU9WvqNASvcEILjWiG5I61SBZkBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T03:45:47.518258Z"},"content_sha256":"33b8b27206a70d8a9414719f299629ad073de6deb3c7075ff590077df80b1b17","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:33b8b27206a70d8a9414719f299629ad073de6deb3c7075ff590077df80b1b17"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T03:45:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAOFXXJ7DNUXM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d2e4361915b00dc090e3359b18d6d1478195cbf9d6ada15091219775de656e6c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-05-29T17:36:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"247e5c300d10c18b7a1511a8238cd8428835c4753e437833b5bbe8c095488e86"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.19312","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.19312","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.19312v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.19312","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"6Y3HJLGETYJC","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"6Y3HJLGETYJCFIAO","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"6Y3HJLGE","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:33b8b27206a70d8a9414719f299629ad073de6deb3c7075ff590077df80b1b17","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2405.19312/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Researchers often turn to block randomization to increase the precision of their inference or due to practical considerations, such as in multisite trials. However, if the number of treatments under consideration is large it might not be feasible or practical to assign all treatments within each block. We develop novel inference results under the finite-population design-based framework for natural alternatives to the complete block design that do not require reducing the number of treatment arms, the incomplete block design (IBD) and the balanced incomplete block design. This includes derivin","authors_text":"Nicole E. Pashley, Taehyeon Koo","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-05-29T17:36:46Z","title":"Design-based Causal Inference for Incomplete Block Designs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.19312","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e6d9b62c27b5ff1de0088cbd849c2bbe9b61bf0cda1dca52cdd0bf41164a0c6e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d2e4361915b00dc090e3359b18d6d1478195cbf9d6ada15091219775de656e6c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2024-05-29T17:36:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"247e5c300d10c18b7a1511a8238cd8428835c4753e437833b5bbe8c095488e86"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.19312","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"f63674acc49e1222a00e2dee9f8db4bb2e9827f904bad0db285fc3f76dc022e3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f63674acc49e1222a00e2dee9f8db4bb2e9827f904bad0db285fc3f76dc022e3","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52.725328Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52.725328Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"8MMT3sSNhwJtlQV3F+BJOm0eZA5R0z+3qtCurePGZFSdWhrqv367qgJilxJWEI52TJtadM67MjeNDT7QLNQeAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:57:52.725797Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2405.19312","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e6d9b62c27b5ff1de0088cbd849c2bbe9b61bf0cda1dca52cdd0bf41164a0c6e","sha256:33b8b27206a70d8a9414719f299629ad073de6deb3c7075ff590077df80b1b17"],"state_sha256":"befd9137226e70230a23c0b184122a748791352d905c492058c44b11861e4640"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FrfRFPad/JGIjH3v0psvmXHsoT6HHO8Dn+RMaGcPLmH5EoOU3wQoMz2I5QaoAYN61chQLJP+fCRDWQcxZyVWAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T03:45:47.520377Z","bundle_sha256":"2a40d927a283576c538a7b11d3c9ae5e38ed124ebfef5a49cf58676ca42024e1"}}