{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7","short_pith_number":"pith:7BUWDVBU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.07162","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-19T19:27:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d75af99ad31cce534f28528add7e7a43a4d83ac9c8c6fb61d5e75678ccf5286","abstract_canon_sha256":"edba3c69df1aa98f94956c0f34043ca04e769204b7d7f3d9ce034dbe18f9d82f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f86961d434afe380aa2c8b6de9a74827fb6ed32bc89cf4f0195cbd7d9506623a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1712.07162","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.07162","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.07162v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.07162","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7BUWDVBUV7RY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7BUWDVBU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.07162","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-19T19:27:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5d75af99ad31cce534f28528add7e7a43a4d83ac9c8c6fb61d5e75678ccf5286","abstract_canon_sha256":"edba3c69df1aa98f94956c0f34043ca04e769204b7d7f3d9ce034dbe18f9d82f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f86961d434afe380aa2c8b6de9a74827fb6ed32bc89cf4f0195cbd7d9506623a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02.869075Z","signature_b64":"WzQwJ7i+65entuauEBsl1tF/7pWp3f5U9ZsgN1T+ZBYPr+GWgqOAAL/k1jWmza2ODZ/SpK4jqWWTBSt9fWjxBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f86961d434afe380aa2c8b6de9a74827fb6ed32bc89cf4f0195cbd7d9506623a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02.868384Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02.868384Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1712.07162","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"amUCbx3F/m6yUSGfUYvVsfOPCXc9a8E6yYd14WExZpJ0em/erwmqybfIOJ+pfGnRlYrg5K5LNfnsmcNwro1pBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T09:26:23.727406Z"},"content_sha256":"59065a362430889f89a18a7e18368b14d4fc4bb867b419ed9a2adeb084ba3fe8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:59065a362430889f89a18a7e18368b14d4fc4bb867b419ed9a2adeb084ba3fe8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Birth of a subaqueous barchan dune","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Carlos Azael Alvarez Zambrano, Erick de Moraes Franklin","submitted_at":"2017-12-19T19:27:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"Barchan dunes are crescentic shape dunes with horns pointing downstream. The present paper reports the formation of subaqueous barchan dunes from initially conical heaps in a rectangular channel. Because the most unique feature of a barchan dune is its horns, we associate the timescale for the appearance of horns to the formation of a barchan dune. A granular heap initially conical was placed on the bottom wall of a closed conduit and it was entrained by a water flow in turbulent regime. After a certain time, horns appear and grow, until an equilibrium length is reached. Our results show the e"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.07162","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vnTJAN51u56Tp29DFvrMEuOzGXGOZlCKbSvvv6AuBrs7Bsb9ld3KNGre2vakayltUfmlv1J1U9lrjUW7QmTzBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T09:26:23.727750Z"},"content_sha256":"e7d7283c892953bb96491ff85d22df420e22d20df2d7ca62a0d185df8f1b19e1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e7d7283c892953bb96491ff85d22df420e22d20df2d7ca62a0d185df8f1b19e1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T09:26:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRMRNW6TJ2IE7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"edba3c69df1aa98f94956c0f34043ca04e769204b7d7f3d9ce034dbe18f9d82f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-19T19:27:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d75af99ad31cce534f28528add7e7a43a4d83ac9c8c6fb61d5e75678ccf5286"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.07162","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.07162","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.07162v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.07162","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7BUWDVBUV7RY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7BUWDVBUV7RYBKRM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7BUWDVBU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e7d7283c892953bb96491ff85d22df420e22d20df2d7ca62a0d185df8f1b19e1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Barchan dunes are crescentic shape dunes with horns pointing downstream. The present paper reports the formation of subaqueous barchan dunes from initially conical heaps in a rectangular channel. Because the most unique feature of a barchan dune is its horns, we associate the timescale for the appearance of horns to the formation of a barchan dune. A granular heap initially conical was placed on the bottom wall of a closed conduit and it was entrained by a water flow in turbulent regime. After a certain time, horns appear and grow, until an equilibrium length is reached. Our results show the e","authors_text":"Carlos Azael Alvarez Zambrano, Erick de Moraes Franklin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-19T19:27:14Z","title":"Birth of a subaqueous barchan dune"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.07162","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:59065a362430889f89a18a7e18368b14d4fc4bb867b419ed9a2adeb084ba3fe8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"edba3c69df1aa98f94956c0f34043ca04e769204b7d7f3d9ce034dbe18f9d82f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-19T19:27:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d75af99ad31cce534f28528add7e7a43a4d83ac9c8c6fb61d5e75678ccf5286"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.07162","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"f86961d434afe380aa2c8b6de9a74827fb6ed32bc89cf4f0195cbd7d9506623a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f86961d434afe380aa2c8b6de9a74827fb6ed32bc89cf4f0195cbd7d9506623a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02.868384Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02.868384Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WzQwJ7i+65entuauEBsl1tF/7pWp3f5U9ZsgN1T+ZBYPr+GWgqOAAL/k1jWmza2ODZ/SpK4jqWWTBSt9fWjxBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:02.869075Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1712.07162","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:59065a362430889f89a18a7e18368b14d4fc4bb867b419ed9a2adeb084ba3fe8","sha256:e7d7283c892953bb96491ff85d22df420e22d20df2d7ca62a0d185df8f1b19e1"],"state_sha256":"2e71d21f5974778ad42b76e3fec29acda19184413923372afbef8a453585d6a2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uKCLt2vKiyCZlkJSnXp0sOvEldzuBtsG9ou1YtOFcrHR8qY8JeQ0SXUe1i8vYMNdzgmIda772JxFQo7NJLJbCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T09:26:23.729654Z","bundle_sha256":"17e11ca7df7f517cb9f0211944dbb75879bec71ceff6f99a7334685594b523e8"}}