{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF","short_pith_number":"pith:7E4VDIK5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.05326","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.ST","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T21:33:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM","q-fin.MF"],"title_canon_sha256":"5c0bf8ea543f06089a1450a21cc315abb5bdc3310f229884e816299b113c8d1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6da19bf5512c02c5848aaa933e619b32aad56795a04e7a8fcc679b981dcbe5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f93951a15d42f138dfc02384c7cfdea95f60d9fa3d114077463c9146b4504dcc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1802.05326","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.05326","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.05326v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.05326","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7E4VDIK5ILYT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7E4VDIK5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1802.05326","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.ST","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T21:33:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM","q-fin.MF"],"title_canon_sha256":"5c0bf8ea543f06089a1450a21cc315abb5bdc3310f229884e816299b113c8d1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6da19bf5512c02c5848aaa933e619b32aad56795a04e7a8fcc679b981dcbe5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"f93951a15d42f138dfc02384c7cfdea95f60d9fa3d114077463c9146b4504dcc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15.968911Z","signature_b64":"rAsdPAd71xlKSWH3/rDET/xPUnzqSU2P9kP+P7aUktq4YJXHuK93PZcIjJD4xJuN50UU/9TDsaZdD/W1k+CgAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"f93951a15d42f138dfc02384c7cfdea95f60d9fa3d114077463c9146b4504dcc","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15.968222Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15.968222Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1802.05326","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JI2Gu7EFeI5diBD869ZoqpDb2Xo23QHZHDlkJ9x8wvaUM2TicDa+9hLZ90CRVmlJOGTgm6T12xNvGebrGsyaBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T09:01:18.343798Z"},"content_sha256":"2876c87c76ec8256513fccc218ba3e8433739a1573bfcb580f8080856b8b4934","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2876c87c76ec8256513fccc218ba3e8433739a1573bfcb580f8080856b8b4934"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Analysis of Financial Credit Risk Using Machine Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["econ.EM","q-fin.MF"],"primary_cat":"q-fin.ST","authors_text":"Jacky C.K. Chow","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T21:33:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"Corporate insolvency can have a devastating effect on the economy. With an increasing number of companies making expansion overseas to capitalize on foreign resources, a multinational corporate bankruptcy can disrupt the world's financial ecosystem. Corporations do not fail instantaneously; objective measures and rigorous analysis of qualitative (e.g. brand) and quantitative (e.g. econometric factors) data can help identify a company's financial risk. Gathering and storage of data about a corporation has become less difficult with recent advancements in communication and information technologi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.05326","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ESZc3dByt6s++U22sj2CzIL4de76QRlKJNDcCNmPUv+ae0LkkiomW8udWruidSAQSWGEml3S3EOZD/pjcbhfAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T09:01:18.344697Z"},"content_sha256":"1704ba3e77395211e28f89be5cf9b8de4245810bfa0890365a858de264d44731","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1704ba3e77395211e28f89be5cf9b8de4245810bfa0890365a858de264d44731"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T09:01:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6AEOCMPT66VF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6da19bf5512c02c5848aaa933e619b32aad56795a04e7a8fcc679b981dcbe5","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM","q-fin.MF"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.ST","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T21:33:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c0bf8ea543f06089a1450a21cc315abb5bdc3310f229884e816299b113c8d1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.05326","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1802.05326","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1802.05326v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1802.05326","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7E4VDIK5ILYT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7E4VDIK5ILYTRX6A","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7E4VDIK5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:11Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1704ba3e77395211e28f89be5cf9b8de4245810bfa0890365a858de264d44731","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Corporate insolvency can have a devastating effect on the economy. With an increasing number of companies making expansion overseas to capitalize on foreign resources, a multinational corporate bankruptcy can disrupt the world's financial ecosystem. Corporations do not fail instantaneously; objective measures and rigorous analysis of qualitative (e.g. brand) and quantitative (e.g. econometric factors) data can help identify a company's financial risk. Gathering and storage of data about a corporation has become less difficult with recent advancements in communication and information technologi","authors_text":"Jacky C.K. Chow","cross_cats":["econ.EM","q-fin.MF"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.ST","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T21:33:26Z","title":"Analysis of Financial Credit Risk Using Machine Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1802.05326","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2876c87c76ec8256513fccc218ba3e8433739a1573bfcb580f8080856b8b4934","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e6da19bf5512c02c5848aaa933e619b32aad56795a04e7a8fcc679b981dcbe5","cross_cats_sorted":["econ.EM","q-fin.MF"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"q-fin.ST","submitted_at":"2018-02-14T21:33:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"5c0bf8ea543f06089a1450a21cc315abb5bdc3310f229884e816299b113c8d1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1802.05326","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"f93951a15d42f138dfc02384c7cfdea95f60d9fa3d114077463c9146b4504dcc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"f93951a15d42f138dfc02384c7cfdea95f60d9fa3d114077463c9146b4504dcc","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15.968222Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15.968222Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rAsdPAd71xlKSWH3/rDET/xPUnzqSU2P9kP+P7aUktq4YJXHuK93PZcIjJD4xJuN50UU/9TDsaZdD/W1k+CgAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:23:15.968911Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1802.05326","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2876c87c76ec8256513fccc218ba3e8433739a1573bfcb580f8080856b8b4934","sha256:1704ba3e77395211e28f89be5cf9b8de4245810bfa0890365a858de264d44731"],"state_sha256":"ce8092c4b0202abce35f57bfe31968175cf7a96046b8597e2bd893b9594f700b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yIbH5KeoXnfZRClnW3PAq/Jplmf6lS7HVxCbRK0vpiVMe5bUTvO0qvRmch8xg7O0UrtDNWBWrxTBwrGB2dSYBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T09:01:18.356434Z","bundle_sha256":"3220f2e52b75f7727ce3c47366aff4958924376a1db8b3fa1c2e7f57041c523f"}}