{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5","short_pith_number":"pith:7XFPUVSA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.13037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-07-17T12:09:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b2b7cf68e56796b0bf9635aede755048bbb863d85e5234a6414387a3d5d4cb3f","abstract_canon_sha256":"81151a177b7a0d9fe64f38860abea142add6a398e9e95003ed3c55747f273376"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fdcafa56404a328ed8fe5f8028f0e87754e85d2e2ca83bf1935f5005db328d1b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2507.13037","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.13037","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.13037v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.13037","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7XFPUVSAJIZI","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7XFPUVSA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2507.13037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-07-17T12:09:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b2b7cf68e56796b0bf9635aede755048bbb863d85e5234a6414387a3d5d4cb3f","abstract_canon_sha256":"81151a177b7a0d9fe64f38860abea142add6a398e9e95003ed3c55747f273376"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"fdcafa56404a328ed8fe5f8028f0e87754e85d2e2ca83bf1935f5005db328d1b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53.537042Z","signature_b64":"fgMknJqgYZccvd60xDrLX8Cpf+3xu37eJYPjgiEIswGYbmQDSEIQeXmu2T1aguS8uqAmQm5uu5AwbsU8SKiVAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"fdcafa56404a328ed8fe5f8028f0e87754e85d2e2ca83bf1935f5005db328d1b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53.536551Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53.536551Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2507.13037","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pZaYhxya/wBLCnOeLClE0Qd1Ck3tp9w3xsX8ZGtb3o0S23gX6y+W8P2JYtwpIT5pEwh3GhRgYb6+rr43Mc6RDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T05:42:49.623764Z"},"content_sha256":"cc315a317808b08f26251e3314332bbf515ff3d7b717f96a0c85f79f704e7157","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cc315a317808b08f26251e3314332bbf515ff3d7b717f96a0c85f79f704e7157"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Multiple-Mode Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing with Index Modulation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.SP","authors_text":"Guangyao Liu, Jingjing Zhao, Tianqi Mao, Yanqun Tang, Zhenyu Xiao","submitted_at":"2025-07-17T12:09:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM), a promising multicarrier technique utilizing chirp signals, has been envisioned as an effective solution for high-mobility communication scenarios. In this paper, we develop a multiple-mode index modulation scheme tailored for AFDM, termed as MM-AFDM-IM, which aims to further improve the spectral and energy efficiencies of AFDM. Specifically, multiple constellation alphabets are selected for different chirp-based subcarriers (chirps). Aside from classical amplitude/phase modulation, additional information bits can be conveyed by the dynamic patter"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.13037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2507.13037/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"06fVE5+XP1BgAnI+PxtCsS516uTKQwVBfohhE2YVOi5yy84akAsgCY6MxjbGht0ukpAKwt6Ly/XvfRCn63V3Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T05:42:49.624848Z"},"content_sha256":"9804f94e42c38d04691988930a1ae44f37e2c06a1ead4dd8f665feddb81859a2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9804f94e42c38d04691988930a1ae44f37e2c06a1ead4dd8f665feddb81859a2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T05:42:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6L6ACR4HIO5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"81151a177b7a0d9fe64f38860abea142add6a398e9e95003ed3c55747f273376","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-07-17T12:09:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"b2b7cf68e56796b0bf9635aede755048bbb863d85e5234a6414387a3d5d4cb3f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.13037","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2507.13037","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2507.13037v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2507.13037","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"7XFPUVSAJIZI","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"7XFPUVSAJIZI5WH6","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"7XFPUVSA","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9804f94e42c38d04691988930a1ae44f37e2c06a1ead4dd8f665feddb81859a2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2507.13037/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM), a promising multicarrier technique utilizing chirp signals, has been envisioned as an effective solution for high-mobility communication scenarios. In this paper, we develop a multiple-mode index modulation scheme tailored for AFDM, termed as MM-AFDM-IM, which aims to further improve the spectral and energy efficiencies of AFDM. Specifically, multiple constellation alphabets are selected for different chirp-based subcarriers (chirps). Aside from classical amplitude/phase modulation, additional information bits can be conveyed by the dynamic patter","authors_text":"Guangyao Liu, Jingjing Zhao, Tianqi Mao, Yanqun Tang, Zhenyu Xiao","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-07-17T12:09:06Z","title":"Multiple-Mode Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing with Index Modulation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2507.13037","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cc315a317808b08f26251e3314332bbf515ff3d7b717f96a0c85f79f704e7157","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"81151a177b7a0d9fe64f38860abea142add6a398e9e95003ed3c55747f273376","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"eess.SP","submitted_at":"2025-07-17T12:09:06Z","title_canon_sha256":"b2b7cf68e56796b0bf9635aede755048bbb863d85e5234a6414387a3d5d4cb3f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2507.13037","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"fdcafa56404a328ed8fe5f8028f0e87754e85d2e2ca83bf1935f5005db328d1b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"fdcafa56404a328ed8fe5f8028f0e87754e85d2e2ca83bf1935f5005db328d1b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53.536551Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53.536551Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"fgMknJqgYZccvd60xDrLX8Cpf+3xu37eJYPjgiEIswGYbmQDSEIQeXmu2T1aguS8uqAmQm5uu5AwbsU8SKiVAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:38:53.537042Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2507.13037","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cc315a317808b08f26251e3314332bbf515ff3d7b717f96a0c85f79f704e7157","sha256:9804f94e42c38d04691988930a1ae44f37e2c06a1ead4dd8f665feddb81859a2"],"state_sha256":"b3dbb6a56ccf942b9fea45bafe4db9e1459695c7476b590ba6f26e6ae25845b9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uORsPMc4GauzWzpnYrVfZqNu4rO+Y4nKEd+SlvdS5CASKzu+AZm7xlc2WS0KcsralYz0rMkRaznHcpnmaAJgDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T05:42:49.638819Z","bundle_sha256":"0b1962376794aecb4e8f42691f2cdabae9e52014727f4b65761c2c2f88cf4f4d"}}