{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN","short_pith_number":"pith:A5JQXXK5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.3734","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-07-14T17:19:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"343d08aabe99fdd7289e601a29a18a9b4d1b551140e82a1c27211b9d6f3d0203","abstract_canon_sha256":"42a9b7ce721d687eeba4b07ada6b26fee21b7719236644ed2c4180239d685822"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07530bdd5daedaf4c8ec306f29c704a37b90b04d22946a3f5c3ae38af8894a57","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1407.3734","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.3734","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.3734v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.3734","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A5JQXXK5V3NP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A5JQXXK5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.3734","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-07-14T17:19:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"343d08aabe99fdd7289e601a29a18a9b4d1b551140e82a1c27211b9d6f3d0203","abstract_canon_sha256":"42a9b7ce721d687eeba4b07ada6b26fee21b7719236644ed2c4180239d685822"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"07530bdd5daedaf4c8ec306f29c704a37b90b04d22946a3f5c3ae38af8894a57","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38.130091Z","signature_b64":"kZwivzzXCdpVNHogLAsaDtX80jV7rnz9Tok/lqMDjo3SF1gDeR4fkoknG4jvQIMPf0LvynqvU3X/ssnntgOXAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"07530bdd5daedaf4c8ec306f29c704a37b90b04d22946a3f5c3ae38af8894a57","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38.129658Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38.129658Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1407.3734","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tKSGdHu8k+A2R5AbrvxqvN80jnvwmSzak5nfpyfCzeuAsBi7xZrmSmQpNeQI7XDT5kvefQM3JfADRT2d5BtDBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T14:08:48.536168Z"},"content_sha256":"9e7e9104147a021b34fbbc3867863c30aa7eacc482d6ff1c19e6d022970ac4bc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9e7e9104147a021b34fbbc3867863c30aa7eacc482d6ff1c19e6d022970ac4bc"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Bismuth ferrite as low-loss switchable material for plasmonic waveguide modulator","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Andrei V. Lavrinenko, Sergei V. Zhukovsky, Viktoriia E. Babicheva","submitted_at":"2014-07-14T17:19:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose new designs of plasmonic modulators, which can be utilized for dynamic signal switching in photonic integrated circuits. We study performance of plasmonic waveguide modulator with bismuth ferrite as an active material. The bismuth ferrite core is sandwiched between metal plates (metal-insulator-metal configuration), which also serve as electrodes so that the core changes its refractive index under applied voltage by means of partial in-plane to out-of-plane reorientation of ferroelectric domains in bismuth ferrite. This domain switch results in changing of propagation constant and a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.3734","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"swT4oItmWnxQrZdEW9+nPCE69lT60/uTaRBuXoQCsfky0Yg6XUDnYeViRoR/0xfi+xhwdxO7Rt8pb0vqANENCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T14:08:48.536564Z"},"content_sha256":"1df589fae54a1cc921ca5704842ba52d9c74297c609cb76b79692097916a14b3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1df589fae54a1cc921ca5704842ba52d9c74297c609cb76b79692097916a14b3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-22T14:08:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHMGBXSTRYEUN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"42a9b7ce721d687eeba4b07ada6b26fee21b7719236644ed2c4180239d685822","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-07-14T17:19:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"343d08aabe99fdd7289e601a29a18a9b4d1b551140e82a1c27211b9d6f3d0203"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.3734","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.3734","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.3734v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.3734","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"A5JQXXK5V3NP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"A5JQXXK5V3NPJSHM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"A5JQXXK5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1df589fae54a1cc921ca5704842ba52d9c74297c609cb76b79692097916a14b3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose new designs of plasmonic modulators, which can be utilized for dynamic signal switching in photonic integrated circuits. We study performance of plasmonic waveguide modulator with bismuth ferrite as an active material. The bismuth ferrite core is sandwiched between metal plates (metal-insulator-metal configuration), which also serve as electrodes so that the core changes its refractive index under applied voltage by means of partial in-plane to out-of-plane reorientation of ferroelectric domains in bismuth ferrite. This domain switch results in changing of propagation constant and a","authors_text":"Andrei V. Lavrinenko, Sergei V. Zhukovsky, Viktoriia E. Babicheva","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-07-14T17:19:55Z","title":"Bismuth ferrite as low-loss switchable material for plasmonic waveguide modulator"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.3734","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9e7e9104147a021b34fbbc3867863c30aa7eacc482d6ff1c19e6d022970ac4bc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"42a9b7ce721d687eeba4b07ada6b26fee21b7719236644ed2c4180239d685822","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2014-07-14T17:19:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"343d08aabe99fdd7289e601a29a18a9b4d1b551140e82a1c27211b9d6f3d0203"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.3734","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"07530bdd5daedaf4c8ec306f29c704a37b90b04d22946a3f5c3ae38af8894a57","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"07530bdd5daedaf4c8ec306f29c704a37b90b04d22946a3f5c3ae38af8894a57","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38.129658Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38.129658Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"kZwivzzXCdpVNHogLAsaDtX80jV7rnz9Tok/lqMDjo3SF1gDeR4fkoknG4jvQIMPf0LvynqvU3X/ssnntgOXAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:38.130091Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1407.3734","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9e7e9104147a021b34fbbc3867863c30aa7eacc482d6ff1c19e6d022970ac4bc","sha256:1df589fae54a1cc921ca5704842ba52d9c74297c609cb76b79692097916a14b3"],"state_sha256":"80b2df7239205569b93c66a29e9035ff06423fa21f6851161cebef7c663161e4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"v4vTlhzk7yRlJxHwwa0xiQ22w4Srh4uxvSQeEMIasoDLhbJsmZsRy8SUjtawWaerOKsWuiHsygQSf1OsgIQUCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-22T14:08:48.538616Z","bundle_sha256":"488b81baa593b3f62428a9f3df7aa2f25df3306dbe52c10e2373ccb5b6a6864a"}}