{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP","short_pith_number":"pith:ABXQCU5B","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1010.5025","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-10-25T00:21:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"601b89476ef8cdb902b87af9d59dd78493527831580fdb581a87c06cb0626293","abstract_canon_sha256":"f6ce373bce1cdd8fb8a6c5de304abd9316820d04ab9d1ba9be256eae19a09c28"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"006f0153a1ee5b7b338aeb7601e3cb63e53919c198e1df9980a225a25becd8e4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1010.5025","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1010.5025","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1010.5025v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1010.5025","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ABXQCU5B5ZNX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ABXQCU5B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:05Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1010.5025","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-10-25T00:21:19Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"601b89476ef8cdb902b87af9d59dd78493527831580fdb581a87c06cb0626293","abstract_canon_sha256":"f6ce373bce1cdd8fb8a6c5de304abd9316820d04ab9d1ba9be256eae19a09c28"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"006f0153a1ee5b7b338aeb7601e3cb63e53919c198e1df9980a225a25becd8e4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43.410930Z","signature_b64":"T3S/QYLqJtcIgLrmjXi7gZn7oMoX0VqEJKovsXAdRQjrBZGDEml1b1qLsWH1ccnVD9GWvPxaCu1go8DU4bM6DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"006f0153a1ee5b7b338aeb7601e3cb63e53919c198e1df9980a225a25becd8e4","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43.410154Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43.410154Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1010.5025","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2Urwg33MD6EoBBS8MI5cuCw8Rh12KBkjnUtrKI6feySTS39CTwgmmps3Cwo5el6jK9ggoBnw0pM8Xg5EfggGDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T02:28:51.000075Z"},"content_sha256":"d0b11aeb18ed7f59900237e787d373b72dca1c6eae9618bd1222076a688c9518","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d0b11aeb18ed7f59900237e787d373b72dca1c6eae9618bd1222076a688c9518"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Accuracy of Perturbative Master Equations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Chris H. Fleming, Nick I. Cummings","submitted_at":"2010-10-25T00:21:19Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider open quantum systems with dynamics described by master equations that have perturbative expansions in the system-environment interaction. We show that, contrary to intuition, full-time solutions of order-2n accuracy require an order-(2n+2) master equation. We give two examples of such inaccuracies in the solutions to an order-2n master equation: order-2n inaccuracies in the steady state of the system and order-2n positivity violations, and we show how these arise in a specific example for which exact solutions are available. This result has a wide-ranging impact on the validity of "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1010.5025","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e53mmL0/5GAgVjj1XD0JwkAeRUmJHwvFwMgXh+dK2n5bU/77Vm46WX3veTXL+9T4af4r74IT5L0FpGp9nhLjAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T02:28:51.000526Z"},"content_sha256":"25bdf0612ab92520559be54cacc1af2ea5cb6dcd2a6a480f9a6823ae417b83d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:25bdf0612ab92520559be54cacc1af2ea5cb6dcd2a6a480f9a6823ae417b83d2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T02:28:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K5N3ADY6LMP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f6ce373bce1cdd8fb8a6c5de304abd9316820d04ab9d1ba9be256eae19a09c28","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-10-25T00:21:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"601b89476ef8cdb902b87af9d59dd78493527831580fdb581a87c06cb0626293"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1010.5025","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1010.5025","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1010.5025v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1010.5025","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ABXQCU5B5ZNX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ABXQCU5B5ZNXWM4K","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ABXQCU5B","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:05Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:25bdf0612ab92520559be54cacc1af2ea5cb6dcd2a6a480f9a6823ae417b83d2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider open quantum systems with dynamics described by master equations that have perturbative expansions in the system-environment interaction. We show that, contrary to intuition, full-time solutions of order-2n accuracy require an order-(2n+2) master equation. We give two examples of such inaccuracies in the solutions to an order-2n master equation: order-2n inaccuracies in the steady state of the system and order-2n positivity violations, and we show how these arise in a specific example for which exact solutions are available. This result has a wide-ranging impact on the validity of ","authors_text":"Chris H. Fleming, Nick I. Cummings","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-10-25T00:21:19Z","title":"The Accuracy of Perturbative Master Equations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1010.5025","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d0b11aeb18ed7f59900237e787d373b72dca1c6eae9618bd1222076a688c9518","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f6ce373bce1cdd8fb8a6c5de304abd9316820d04ab9d1ba9be256eae19a09c28","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2010-10-25T00:21:19Z","title_canon_sha256":"601b89476ef8cdb902b87af9d59dd78493527831580fdb581a87c06cb0626293"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1010.5025","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"006f0153a1ee5b7b338aeb7601e3cb63e53919c198e1df9980a225a25becd8e4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"006f0153a1ee5b7b338aeb7601e3cb63e53919c198e1df9980a225a25becd8e4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43.410154Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43.410154Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"T3S/QYLqJtcIgLrmjXi7gZn7oMoX0VqEJKovsXAdRQjrBZGDEml1b1qLsWH1ccnVD9GWvPxaCu1go8DU4bM6DQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:26:43.410930Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1010.5025","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d0b11aeb18ed7f59900237e787d373b72dca1c6eae9618bd1222076a688c9518","sha256:25bdf0612ab92520559be54cacc1af2ea5cb6dcd2a6a480f9a6823ae417b83d2"],"state_sha256":"fea8c63df00916d25a5f18765c6ce03b2e08f78b4622515dc30d148257740441"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1hPsVrcAcXBYDMBhxx1rPL/3GfghlhnuCHhJyHW9HSwM+9lCmkEnLX1j09hhmK8jIbGCm0B6Kbh9eBKefVxZAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T02:28:51.004187Z","bundle_sha256":"ad37a638878856c17edecccc1004727fdd78845d0d139843939cf41a0ef9a28a"}}