{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW","short_pith_number":"pith:ACKFXJZQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.01900","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:47:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"b4e4ce5d1c194d0332983de339d30811a1ae46f061121df3816a484daba9bd9e","abstract_canon_sha256":"245bfaf71d9dc7f653d42d0d21b040f6fa47acbc54a837dab555a7ab14734858"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"00945ba7303081e3bbe4baf11fa2cec5b62a73054c4ebf159417991d09ddb46f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2107.01900","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.01900","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.01900v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.01900","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ACKFXJZQGCA6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7E","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ACKFXJZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2107.01900","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:47:10Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"title_canon_sha256":"b4e4ce5d1c194d0332983de339d30811a1ae46f061121df3816a484daba9bd9e","abstract_canon_sha256":"245bfaf71d9dc7f653d42d0d21b040f6fa47acbc54a837dab555a7ab14734858"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"00945ba7303081e3bbe4baf11fa2cec5b62a73054c4ebf159417991d09ddb46f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17.590521Z","signature_b64":"w+ukRMRi/PYpuvBX3W4HCDKhYCxyCZP1KqZ62Ih0p9q0lVQBRsNnfIj5XVTUUYn/53+eB0HHdQ+2moKsdaBgCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"00945ba7303081e3bbe4baf11fa2cec5b62a73054c4ebf159417991d09ddb46f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17.590107Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17.590107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2107.01900","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WCtrnT+NqINPcwr50syBWlwUZAIWTRuCeuMiEpzrwQM4WkEe0pOjLEeWHl0elqlq27XwsUBcSqppwvH+WXnWBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T17:25:12.971928Z"},"content_sha256":"2b37361540a6e0455d936ad4fa8eb16eff4deb959062647cb0afc96f981d4c63","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2b37361540a6e0455d936ad4fa8eb16eff4deb959062647cb0afc96f981d4c63"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On The Distribution of Penultimate Activations of Classification Networks","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Minkyo Seo, Suha Kwak, Yoonho Lee","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:47:10Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper studies probability distributions of penultimate activations of classification networks. We show that, when a classification network is trained with the cross-entropy loss, its final classification layer forms a Generative-Discriminative pair with a generative classifier based on a specific distribution of penultimate activations. More importantly, the distribution is parameterized by the weights of the final fully-connected layer, and can be considered as a generative model that synthesizes the penultimate activations without feeding input data. We empirically demonstrate that this"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.01900","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2107.01900/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Uyad5Q9EJD2ZXxAitGHXSd1faAjA328DCVHC4H3z970dX45mbwjaBwLxUhDwhC5DS5cXaALr//P2wJ28j3atAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T17:25:12.973244Z"},"content_sha256":"7d693431fad42c7323eb52d8bbab1418f0288d26443b67b58288c0d2608cc014","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7d693431fad42c7323eb52d8bbab1418f0288d26443b67b58288c0d2608cc014"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T17:25:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7EXLYR7IWOYW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"245bfaf71d9dc7f653d42d0d21b040f6fa47acbc54a837dab555a7ab14734858","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:47:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"b4e4ce5d1c194d0332983de339d30811a1ae46f061121df3816a484daba9bd9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.01900","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2107.01900","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2107.01900v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2107.01900","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ACKFXJZQGCA6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ACKFXJZQGCA6HO7E","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ACKFXJZQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7d693431fad42c7323eb52d8bbab1418f0288d26443b67b58288c0d2608cc014","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2107.01900/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper studies probability distributions of penultimate activations of classification networks. We show that, when a classification network is trained with the cross-entropy loss, its final classification layer forms a Generative-Discriminative pair with a generative classifier based on a specific distribution of penultimate activations. More importantly, the distribution is parameterized by the weights of the final fully-connected layer, and can be considered as a generative model that synthesizes the penultimate activations without feeding input data. We empirically demonstrate that this","authors_text":"Minkyo Seo, Suha Kwak, Yoonho Lee","cross_cats":["cs.CV"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:47:10Z","title":"On The Distribution of Penultimate Activations of Classification Networks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2107.01900","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2b37361540a6e0455d936ad4fa8eb16eff4deb959062647cb0afc96f981d4c63","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"245bfaf71d9dc7f653d42d0d21b040f6fa47acbc54a837dab555a7ab14734858","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2021-07-05T09:47:10Z","title_canon_sha256":"b4e4ce5d1c194d0332983de339d30811a1ae46f061121df3816a484daba9bd9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2107.01900","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"00945ba7303081e3bbe4baf11fa2cec5b62a73054c4ebf159417991d09ddb46f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"00945ba7303081e3bbe4baf11fa2cec5b62a73054c4ebf159417991d09ddb46f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17.590107Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17.590107Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"w+ukRMRi/PYpuvBX3W4HCDKhYCxyCZP1KqZ62Ih0p9q0lVQBRsNnfIj5XVTUUYn/53+eB0HHdQ+2moKsdaBgCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:55:17.590521Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2107.01900","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2b37361540a6e0455d936ad4fa8eb16eff4deb959062647cb0afc96f981d4c63","sha256:7d693431fad42c7323eb52d8bbab1418f0288d26443b67b58288c0d2608cc014"],"state_sha256":"57a91272f0d133327286611bf33838b72a39f8d8739d27b8381259ae8b5c3dac"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+fsTeMXKUvGxN9o431TpiCb2BzqhKToKWzSIGXEQkZ7FNrLzxWNS5TspjnG/sIc8RxXk20iHX3TBqHpYbF7DBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T17:25:12.982665Z","bundle_sha256":"973a03ba33bb741c40c7cbe7ba16fd5dea5302862eeec621b4239b7d323b9af3"}}