{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE","short_pith_number":"pith:AFUODRW6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.10607","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-06-27T18:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fcb30cd81e006946d05f8e120ece4b606c2859ef4e232c6aaa7b2bf9eb86eb4e","abstract_canon_sha256":"eb93c4f5e3d98981078743d3eaa584f255fc70ea2901c7883746d7e2162dfc44"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0168e1c6def099bbf47ca5f6ea1d551914cc34141ec2e04c6cbc9e74f0e15a14","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1806.10607","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.10607","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.10607v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.10607","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AFUODRW66CM3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AFUODRW66CM3X5D4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AFUODRW6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1806.10607","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-06-27T18:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fcb30cd81e006946d05f8e120ece4b606c2859ef4e232c6aaa7b2bf9eb86eb4e","abstract_canon_sha256":"eb93c4f5e3d98981078743d3eaa584f255fc70ea2901c7883746d7e2162dfc44"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0168e1c6def099bbf47ca5f6ea1d551914cc34141ec2e04c6cbc9e74f0e15a14","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.906285Z","signature_b64":"klVhHgPpvSyJ40aWUYLHGSdX6BWKPWctNbz20Cr50IBFL8b9B7SvaEvFvDOOH45iTgWIMdaERXenZvnkfgDiDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0168e1c6def099bbf47ca5f6ea1d551914cc34141ec2e04c6cbc9e74f0e15a14","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.905728Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.905728Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1806.10607","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"r0jMKJ5Lk0GlvCP4cnXR48S+5ehvxc7O9qGACrOt1EWbpSBDmiyaQtaqcbw27Oj/9s0xKyBMyGjx4BsukcNwAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T15:43:06.048193Z"},"content_sha256":"a334266f47efd9b243fb23dc9b790f32bdc0065722c3856690b605a9d9deb5ec","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a334266f47efd9b243fb23dc9b790f32bdc0065722c3856690b605a9d9deb5ec"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Universal Bound on the Strong Coupling Scale of a Gravitationally Coupled Massive Spin-2 Particle","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"James Bonifacio, Kurt Hinterbichler","submitted_at":"2018-06-27T18:00:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We find a model-independent upper bound on the strong coupling scale for a massive spin-2 particle coupled to Einstein gravity. Our approach is to directly construct tree-level scattering amplitudes for these degrees of freedom and use them to find the maximum scale of perturbative unitarity violation. The highest scale is $\\Lambda_3=\\left(m^2M_P\\right)^{1/3}$, which is saturated by ghost-free bigravity. The strong coupling scale can be further raised to $M_P$ if the kinetic term for one particle has the wrong sign, which uniquely gives the amplitudes of quadratic curvature gravity. We also di"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.10607","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DNtV0sgxN/wRwJZAwv3exrZzAxhPBHjrXT9jBnxW/cHqS5V6u39l+5tB8lty+b153oPkoDOBHy0T4DMVzwGUBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T15:43:06.048553Z"},"content_sha256":"62d6f2eb82a7134ec4f45cded347388270ef7da3d2f37eab373af768da855b1e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:62d6f2eb82a7134ec4f45cded347388270ef7da3d2f37eab373af768da855b1e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T15:43:06Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:AFUODRW66CM3X5D4UX3OUHKVDE","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eb93c4f5e3d98981078743d3eaa584f255fc70ea2901c7883746d7e2162dfc44","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-06-27T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"fcb30cd81e006946d05f8e120ece4b606c2859ef4e232c6aaa7b2bf9eb86eb4e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.10607","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1806.10607","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1806.10607v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1806.10607","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"AFUODRW66CM3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"AFUODRW66CM3X5D4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"AFUODRW6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:62d6f2eb82a7134ec4f45cded347388270ef7da3d2f37eab373af768da855b1e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We find a model-independent upper bound on the strong coupling scale for a massive spin-2 particle coupled to Einstein gravity. Our approach is to directly construct tree-level scattering amplitudes for these degrees of freedom and use them to find the maximum scale of perturbative unitarity violation. The highest scale is $\\Lambda_3=\\left(m^2M_P\\right)^{1/3}$, which is saturated by ghost-free bigravity. The strong coupling scale can be further raised to $M_P$ if the kinetic term for one particle has the wrong sign, which uniquely gives the amplitudes of quadratic curvature gravity. We also di","authors_text":"James Bonifacio, Kurt Hinterbichler","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-06-27T18:00:01Z","title":"A Universal Bound on the Strong Coupling Scale of a Gravitationally Coupled Massive Spin-2 Particle"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.10607","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a334266f47efd9b243fb23dc9b790f32bdc0065722c3856690b605a9d9deb5ec","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eb93c4f5e3d98981078743d3eaa584f255fc70ea2901c7883746d7e2162dfc44","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-06-27T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"fcb30cd81e006946d05f8e120ece4b606c2859ef4e232c6aaa7b2bf9eb86eb4e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1806.10607","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0168e1c6def099bbf47ca5f6ea1d551914cc34141ec2e04c6cbc9e74f0e15a14","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0168e1c6def099bbf47ca5f6ea1d551914cc34141ec2e04c6cbc9e74f0e15a14","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.905728Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.905728Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"klVhHgPpvSyJ40aWUYLHGSdX6BWKPWctNbz20Cr50IBFL8b9B7SvaEvFvDOOH45iTgWIMdaERXenZvnkfgDiDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:03:04.906285Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1806.10607","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a334266f47efd9b243fb23dc9b790f32bdc0065722c3856690b605a9d9deb5ec","sha256:62d6f2eb82a7134ec4f45cded347388270ef7da3d2f37eab373af768da855b1e"],"state_sha256":"05c526dc90ffd874f8e415ef77b80a64c258966888758cdc22e19b60e86908e8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hy5tAQ9j9oKRV0CqJz6hhvJYsDEJbd9Xo0W/t4WpSVgZrZ/hTFrmVcteJJ7jE1UFdMhjFeD83VyUQb90n7awDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T15:43:06.050524Z","bundle_sha256":"55fdfedfab21c4a9527124ac0ca95b3f6289b5c7088a049d8ad53c5026956c43"}}