{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD","short_pith_number":"pith:BIIUEOXF","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.02803","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-04-10T11:07:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"da3273fed892d230c7f2544d6059932204e79fca4cc65e5f6c0204bcf36810d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"21ebfe7869f64e106d158b3378dd2aa8535f759afa3372d5e8ee6668ecc50c89"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0a11423ae539fc7a872e6623ca686918f1066a7076c6347d779ca9700375a653","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1704.02803","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.02803","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.02803v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.02803","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BIIUEOXFHH6H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BIIUEOXF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1704.02803","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-04-10T11:07:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"da3273fed892d230c7f2544d6059932204e79fca4cc65e5f6c0204bcf36810d2","abstract_canon_sha256":"21ebfe7869f64e106d158b3378dd2aa8535f759afa3372d5e8ee6668ecc50c89"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0a11423ae539fc7a872e6623ca686918f1066a7076c6347d779ca9700375a653","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44.378865Z","signature_b64":"5dtpH5xq2CuJ71Et8T8tQvAlsPq7aoquXYJhI5S8RqVzjUGOqf0v6JZ3kUw4djQO/0pDbyxwwgy3of71oLsyDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0a11423ae539fc7a872e6623ca686918f1066a7076c6347d779ca9700375a653","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44.378240Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44.378240Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1704.02803","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AjvJGvZIKqp2GiS8n3Vu/FdijNNXZgLTil/ivzwAMWM0ZltnC1Ovj5b2w4kqIlf/vBb6Wxzh4100G+olMHkKCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T18:23:18.630977Z"},"content_sha256":"3486c830f7250bc945f37ab46771df2c09be851fbf6a3f93301a65e723313af3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3486c830f7250bc945f37ab46771df2c09be851fbf6a3f93301a65e723313af3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Making Defeating CAPTCHAs Harder for Bots","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Nasser Mohammed Al-Fannah","submitted_at":"2017-04-10T11:07:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"For a number of years, many websites have used CAPTCHAs to filter out interactions by bots. However, attackers have found ways to circumvent CAPTCHAs by programming bots to solve or bypass them, or even relay them for humans to solve. In order to reduce the chances of success of such attacks, CAPTCHAs can be strengthened by the addition of certain safeguards. In this paper, we discuss seven existing safeguards as well as five novel safeguards designed to make circumventing CAPTCHAs harder. These safeguards are not mutually exclusive and can add multiple layers of protection to a CAPTCHA. We fu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.02803","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sWVGY6RMgtRnjsPjt76c5zHmTT3dnNfz1R4Si9Y0g9WhtF5847gss+B985ZRR9agZl189UsEFt79d2yS4GX8Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T18:23:18.631328Z"},"content_sha256":"e2235c62886289f6530286b08b27191a0817623393b8fe879e3c593a006fc56f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e2235c62886289f6530286b08b27191a0817623393b8fe879e3c593a006fc56f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-29T18:23:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZOMYR4U2DJDD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"21ebfe7869f64e106d158b3378dd2aa8535f759afa3372d5e8ee6668ecc50c89","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-04-10T11:07:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"da3273fed892d230c7f2544d6059932204e79fca4cc65e5f6c0204bcf36810d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1704.02803","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1704.02803","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1704.02803v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1704.02803","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BIIUEOXFHH6H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BIIUEOXFHH6HVBZO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BIIUEOXF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e2235c62886289f6530286b08b27191a0817623393b8fe879e3c593a006fc56f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"For a number of years, many websites have used CAPTCHAs to filter out interactions by bots. However, attackers have found ways to circumvent CAPTCHAs by programming bots to solve or bypass them, or even relay them for humans to solve. In order to reduce the chances of success of such attacks, CAPTCHAs can be strengthened by the addition of certain safeguards. In this paper, we discuss seven existing safeguards as well as five novel safeguards designed to make circumventing CAPTCHAs harder. These safeguards are not mutually exclusive and can add multiple layers of protection to a CAPTCHA. We fu","authors_text":"Nasser Mohammed Al-Fannah","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-04-10T11:07:59Z","title":"Making Defeating CAPTCHAs Harder for Bots"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1704.02803","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3486c830f7250bc945f37ab46771df2c09be851fbf6a3f93301a65e723313af3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"21ebfe7869f64e106d158b3378dd2aa8535f759afa3372d5e8ee6668ecc50c89","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2017-04-10T11:07:59Z","title_canon_sha256":"da3273fed892d230c7f2544d6059932204e79fca4cc65e5f6c0204bcf36810d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1704.02803","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"0a11423ae539fc7a872e6623ca686918f1066a7076c6347d779ca9700375a653","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0a11423ae539fc7a872e6623ca686918f1066a7076c6347d779ca9700375a653","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44.378240Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44.378240Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5dtpH5xq2CuJ71Et8T8tQvAlsPq7aoquXYJhI5S8RqVzjUGOqf0v6JZ3kUw4djQO/0pDbyxwwgy3of71oLsyDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:44.378865Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1704.02803","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3486c830f7250bc945f37ab46771df2c09be851fbf6a3f93301a65e723313af3","sha256:e2235c62886289f6530286b08b27191a0817623393b8fe879e3c593a006fc56f"],"state_sha256":"02bfbeea5c7c9446637da561ef6a4a77f0c50fea006ad99a9a476bc1d744b298"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dbPduI3/9U6bCWnOQVBrfd6ADxQTwHsCgPpbJpy0Io8J5gCRu/j9xe1DHlQthvrampzi+D/NdKs56MJbwISJDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T18:23:18.633176Z","bundle_sha256":"ab6ac6f401d1976c4cf64163b39076ea5cc8cd8f3d732bc98ba7b7a88a896cd8"}}