{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2005:BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN","short_pith_number":"pith:BSZHEIUW","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0511338","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2005-11-11T18:19:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5505751a09d3e5b280f6bb9e1d5692a2120993e5baf88e60eb032eb053783cb5","abstract_canon_sha256":"fe24e0270a442f41287d50c7904af1fde3224e02b29944ae3c713c08b27e9a13"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0cb2722296c076917003dc9c5b1509b355ccdc0c78f3fb539eed716efe148537","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0511338","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0511338","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0511338v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0511338","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BSZHEIUWYB3J","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BSZHEIUW","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2005:BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0511338","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2005-11-11T18:19:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"5505751a09d3e5b280f6bb9e1d5692a2120993e5baf88e60eb032eb053783cb5","abstract_canon_sha256":"fe24e0270a442f41287d50c7904af1fde3224e02b29944ae3c713c08b27e9a13"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"0cb2722296c076917003dc9c5b1509b355ccdc0c78f3fb539eed716efe148537","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03.295228Z","signature_b64":"dbLgRjMnCWD3W1jwRUvEGa13LkA8Z+7OH2EAytK3gSRcnPer/9CdijmuzDqyKXEG6lsAw0hIX4CmIq+DNZwHAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"0cb2722296c076917003dc9c5b1509b355ccdc0c78f3fb539eed716efe148537","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03.294777Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03.294777Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0511338","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fz+KhYWQF/lOdsV96wWX+pvv16MY7agRamiJctfFazOD36qdbY3bd9ynBYzfpQRIaT9hL/TPMHrZ9NNicjv+BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T16:56:21.797909Z"},"content_sha256":"c2108c6887b119698a85f298b0bd86bb9986bef8cdecc958611512b65749779c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c2108c6887b119698a85f298b0bd86bb9986bef8cdecc958611512b65749779c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2005:BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The broken hierarchy of galaxy formation","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"(2) Dept. of Physics, A. J. Benson (2), C. G. Lacey (1) ((1) ICC, C. M. Baugh (1), C. S. Frenk (1), Durham, J. C. Helly (1), Oxford), R. G. Bower (1), R. Malbon (1), S. Cole (1)","submitted_at":"2005-11-11T18:19:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent observations of the distant Universe suggest that much of the stellar mass of bright galaxies was already in place at $z>1$. This presents a challenge for models of galaxy formation because massive halos are assembled late in hierarchical cosmologies such as cold dark matter (CDM). In this paper, we discuss a new implementation of the Durham semi-analytic model in which feedback due to active galactic nuclei (AGN) is assumed to quench cooling flows in massive halos. This mechanism naturally creates a break in the local galaxy luminosity function at bright magnitudes. The model is implem"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0511338","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0511338/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9EqrYNHGuAHcDIB3rIGzqhAWDUgKQDtNJLp0wLoJ54a1ezDlaFCjr/enGbw5YSaLe379msEJ19mVUpb3/UnwAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T16:56:21.798719Z"},"content_sha256":"6770930fcd0053fdb9fa62aa1bce29aa8b290f55445d6493a5b5273566b6bd6b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6770930fcd0053fdb9fa62aa1bce29aa8b290f55445d6493a5b5273566b6bd6b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T16:56:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2005:BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD3SOFWFIJWN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fe24e0270a442f41287d50c7904af1fde3224e02b29944ae3c713c08b27e9a13","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2005-11-11T18:19:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"5505751a09d3e5b280f6bb9e1d5692a2120993e5baf88e60eb032eb053783cb5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0511338","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0511338","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0511338v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0511338","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"BSZHEIUWYB3J","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"BSZHEIUWYB3JC4AD","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"BSZHEIUW","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6770930fcd0053fdb9fa62aa1bce29aa8b290f55445d6493a5b5273566b6bd6b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0511338/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent observations of the distant Universe suggest that much of the stellar mass of bright galaxies was already in place at $z>1$. This presents a challenge for models of galaxy formation because massive halos are assembled late in hierarchical cosmologies such as cold dark matter (CDM). In this paper, we discuss a new implementation of the Durham semi-analytic model in which feedback due to active galactic nuclei (AGN) is assumed to quench cooling flows in massive halos. This mechanism naturally creates a break in the local galaxy luminosity function at bright magnitudes. The model is implem","authors_text":"(2) Dept. of Physics, A. J. Benson (2), C. G. Lacey (1) ((1) ICC, C. M. Baugh (1), C. S. Frenk (1), Durham, J. C. Helly (1), Oxford), R. G. Bower (1), R. Malbon (1), S. Cole (1)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2005-11-11T18:19:15Z","title":"The broken hierarchy of galaxy formation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0511338","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c2108c6887b119698a85f298b0bd86bb9986bef8cdecc958611512b65749779c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fe24e0270a442f41287d50c7904af1fde3224e02b29944ae3c713c08b27e9a13","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2005-11-11T18:19:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"5505751a09d3e5b280f6bb9e1d5692a2120993e5baf88e60eb032eb053783cb5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0511338","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"0cb2722296c076917003dc9c5b1509b355ccdc0c78f3fb539eed716efe148537","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"0cb2722296c076917003dc9c5b1509b355ccdc0c78f3fb539eed716efe148537","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03.294777Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03.294777Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dbLgRjMnCWD3W1jwRUvEGa13LkA8Z+7OH2EAytK3gSRcnPer/9CdijmuzDqyKXEG6lsAw0hIX4CmIq+DNZwHAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:53:03.295228Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0511338","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c2108c6887b119698a85f298b0bd86bb9986bef8cdecc958611512b65749779c","sha256:6770930fcd0053fdb9fa62aa1bce29aa8b290f55445d6493a5b5273566b6bd6b"],"state_sha256":"fa68226d3aa7f517059a120bccf8ad65905a55b462525a5edc2887207d6581e9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Utl6JXoWVjJGmSzEczNXwuFGOyMwzW8XDfqmeYZ27EeMQ/XWmRjXKeyrfNhu3eemRk66rGPowOKHzVN60uhQCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T16:56:21.803559Z","bundle_sha256":"d1eaa7f65b4fd9a14f8492bda9ed119bc0a8ab320d284b15c7498a15dceb11d0"}}