{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN","short_pith_number":"pith:CCOPFZNL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.16519","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-29T07:20:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fb5af10b41fa355c73e0e5890d2ab6b061a9a91d4afb763cfefbf29e73fb3175","abstract_canon_sha256":"d23c3886e479c001ecef76cf27a3e723e3619878f81176c26f9d409d37d860b0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"109cf2e5abd16b19f14e6b1f96fd817b6e628d9fc1bad19b6f591f3f01035520","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2210.16519","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.16519","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.16519v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.16519","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CCOPFZNL2FVR","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KO","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CCOPFZNL","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2210.16519","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-29T07:20:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"fb5af10b41fa355c73e0e5890d2ab6b061a9a91d4afb763cfefbf29e73fb3175","abstract_canon_sha256":"d23c3886e479c001ecef76cf27a3e723e3619878f81176c26f9d409d37d860b0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"109cf2e5abd16b19f14e6b1f96fd817b6e628d9fc1bad19b6f591f3f01035520","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47.235967Z","signature_b64":"vbtDAGkk5oOXKBSbCQE5baVXlwo9aazYVLPEN2ujxl8gHav9nC1kRvn8bqjPA1zOMjZStri1bP3EPAnGT68dBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"109cf2e5abd16b19f14e6b1f96fd817b6e628d9fc1bad19b6f591f3f01035520","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47.235407Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47.235407Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2210.16519","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h8f73TtjzE4VXfo1r/llpjm/mLRf0YyQXxydd3NgFNka/oR2mB5kSyGNhlc63kusa0zBi1FV2S0bbgOsN0ciAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T21:35:16.200311Z"},"content_sha256":"dd12cbc5e7dc5ef4a7fb7511fb90ed5d354697bb2cc30a79044a0474c6fd0d91","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dd12cbc5e7dc5ef4a7fb7511fb90ed5d354697bb2cc30a79044a0474c6fd0d91"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Security-Preserving Federated Learning via Byzantine-Sensitive Triplet Distance","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Joonhyuk Kang, Sangwoo Park, Youngjoon Lee","submitted_at":"2022-10-29T07:20:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"While being an effective framework of learning a shared model across multiple edge devices, federated learning (FL) is generally vulnerable to Byzantine attacks from adversarial edge devices. While existing works on FL mitigate such compromised devices by only aggregating a subset of the local models at the server side, they still cannot successfully ignore the outliers due to imprecise scoring rule. In this paper, we propose an effective Byzantine-robust FL framework, namely dummy contrastive aggregation, by defining a novel scoring function that sensitively discriminates whether the model ha"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.16519","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2210.16519/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"dji3DhEuHU336Lgn3MubLIpkLO/1Z9KwLNVPg9xNMTCunzYuZ0hQ859g3bzIgNKPC/Hr9fIaXLJ1a+cJ9cSKDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T21:35:16.200702Z"},"content_sha256":"71e891efd6352f4890d68af3d4b6f5584b42355074abad74ef522955aed79f78","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:71e891efd6352f4890d68af3d4b6f5584b42355074abad74ef522955aed79f78"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T21:35:16Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KONMPZN7MBPN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d23c3886e479c001ecef76cf27a3e723e3619878f81176c26f9d409d37d860b0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-29T07:20:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb5af10b41fa355c73e0e5890d2ab6b061a9a91d4afb763cfefbf29e73fb3175"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.16519","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2210.16519","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2210.16519v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2210.16519","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CCOPFZNL2FVR","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CCOPFZNL2FVRT4KO","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CCOPFZNL","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:71e891efd6352f4890d68af3d4b6f5584b42355074abad74ef522955aed79f78","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2210.16519/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"While being an effective framework of learning a shared model across multiple edge devices, federated learning (FL) is generally vulnerable to Byzantine attacks from adversarial edge devices. While existing works on FL mitigate such compromised devices by only aggregating a subset of the local models at the server side, they still cannot successfully ignore the outliers due to imprecise scoring rule. In this paper, we propose an effective Byzantine-robust FL framework, namely dummy contrastive aggregation, by defining a novel scoring function that sensitively discriminates whether the model ha","authors_text":"Joonhyuk Kang, Sangwoo Park, Youngjoon Lee","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-29T07:20:02Z","title":"Security-Preserving Federated Learning via Byzantine-Sensitive Triplet Distance"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2210.16519","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dd12cbc5e7dc5ef4a7fb7511fb90ed5d354697bb2cc30a79044a0474c6fd0d91","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d23c3886e479c001ecef76cf27a3e723e3619878f81176c26f9d409d37d860b0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2022-10-29T07:20:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb5af10b41fa355c73e0e5890d2ab6b061a9a91d4afb763cfefbf29e73fb3175"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2210.16519","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"109cf2e5abd16b19f14e6b1f96fd817b6e628d9fc1bad19b6f591f3f01035520","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"109cf2e5abd16b19f14e6b1f96fd817b6e628d9fc1bad19b6f591f3f01035520","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47.235407Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47.235407Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vbtDAGkk5oOXKBSbCQE5baVXlwo9aazYVLPEN2ujxl8gHav9nC1kRvn8bqjPA1zOMjZStri1bP3EPAnGT68dBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:11:47.235967Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2210.16519","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dd12cbc5e7dc5ef4a7fb7511fb90ed5d354697bb2cc30a79044a0474c6fd0d91","sha256:71e891efd6352f4890d68af3d4b6f5584b42355074abad74ef522955aed79f78"],"state_sha256":"0c0ed9e8b4b566c08228460c1e60c797c452b0ca6a2b097fbb2990d9bde04949"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iPAg+E6A5MSEAJ0+ccBrXkgQ8vmGx87d5Q11ynSDDTety+/4vH3HLdbh1v7HT77jfOCIMtjWayfvI6b4zwwxBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T21:35:16.202960Z","bundle_sha256":"e5a392eec41dcd3390a453b69f161ddc8a089b4e8a0818d4bec3425007a84d02"}}