{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO","short_pith_number":"pith:COMFBWFX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.08693","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-07-23T16:07:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9bc5d30bdcc2d730d1e3f9a06351bf8151df072b9c931db598772bd776404169","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b647ab2e03458321422519b332320b15a2b06c99a854ad3a34e54093ff4128e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"139850d8b735a1b5af8e37a475edfd23b56ec81ea860113875a184e64931ce5c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1807.08693","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.08693","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.08693v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.08693","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"COMFBWFXGWQ3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"COMFBWFX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.08693","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-07-23T16:07:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9bc5d30bdcc2d730d1e3f9a06351bf8151df072b9c931db598772bd776404169","abstract_canon_sha256":"6b647ab2e03458321422519b332320b15a2b06c99a854ad3a34e54093ff4128e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"139850d8b735a1b5af8e37a475edfd23b56ec81ea860113875a184e64931ce5c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51.093243Z","signature_b64":"UONREYzpoyvT/RJ0/O4W3TbNv1MKboJAjC85c5PLG1QJ9YzQioVWGa0ak1noDyjEslA0ZBlnVDrZkXuf8ddsBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"139850d8b735a1b5af8e37a475edfd23b56ec81ea860113875a184e64931ce5c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51.092521Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51.092521Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1807.08693","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"emrQnF5HxJLf/naFxeLQAWE/xJdugh0m0+nUIE16FNeh6zdbAtlz0NKkE1n16lkYwWkLEr1PaOqXf/B5oIPkDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T07:29:45.325011Z"},"content_sha256":"6deb17eee0b2e159d489a64f10d7c961e1af0eb9f0f18e8e6c0a354792e5512a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6deb17eee0b2e159d489a64f10d7c961e1af0eb9f0f18e8e6c0a354792e5512a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A finite membrane element formulation for surfactants","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Farshad Roohbakhshan, Roger A. Sauer","submitted_at":"2018-07-23T16:07:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Surfactants play an important role in various physiological and biomechanical applications. An example is the respiratory system, where pulmonary surfactants facilitate the breathing and reduce the possibility of airway blocking by lowering the surface tension when the lung volume decreases during exhalation. This function is due to the dynamic surface tension of pulmonary surfactants, which depends on the concentration of surfactants spread on the liquid layer lining the interior surface of the airways and alveoli. Here, a finite membrane element formulation for liquids is introduced that all"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.08693","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pzdzAeS7SzouAmwdNeCRFcFcpqZQfa9AlJlPcj0k3LJVKmX4jH7yNBgc/XQiRmvGvcLFlIMSDkA5f0mNi9TsAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T07:29:45.325363Z"},"content_sha256":"a0ab1d058a4e38a3a42b97e0485a0a1a1774729bd74e0736288b0527907fda2b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a0ab1d058a4e38a3a42b97e0485a0a1a1774729bd74e0736288b0527907fda2b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-20T07:29:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4OG6SHL3P5EO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b647ab2e03458321422519b332320b15a2b06c99a854ad3a34e54093ff4128e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-07-23T16:07:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"9bc5d30bdcc2d730d1e3f9a06351bf8151df072b9c931db598772bd776404169"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.08693","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.08693","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.08693v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.08693","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"COMFBWFXGWQ3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"COMFBWFXGWQ3LL4O","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"COMFBWFX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a0ab1d058a4e38a3a42b97e0485a0a1a1774729bd74e0736288b0527907fda2b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Surfactants play an important role in various physiological and biomechanical applications. An example is the respiratory system, where pulmonary surfactants facilitate the breathing and reduce the possibility of airway blocking by lowering the surface tension when the lung volume decreases during exhalation. This function is due to the dynamic surface tension of pulmonary surfactants, which depends on the concentration of surfactants spread on the liquid layer lining the interior surface of the airways and alveoli. Here, a finite membrane element formulation for liquids is introduced that all","authors_text":"Farshad Roohbakhshan, Roger A. Sauer","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-07-23T16:07:57Z","title":"A finite membrane element formulation for surfactants"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.08693","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6deb17eee0b2e159d489a64f10d7c961e1af0eb9f0f18e8e6c0a354792e5512a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"6b647ab2e03458321422519b332320b15a2b06c99a854ad3a34e54093ff4128e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2018-07-23T16:07:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"9bc5d30bdcc2d730d1e3f9a06351bf8151df072b9c931db598772bd776404169"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.08693","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"139850d8b735a1b5af8e37a475edfd23b56ec81ea860113875a184e64931ce5c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"139850d8b735a1b5af8e37a475edfd23b56ec81ea860113875a184e64931ce5c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51.092521Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51.092521Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UONREYzpoyvT/RJ0/O4W3TbNv1MKboJAjC85c5PLG1QJ9YzQioVWGa0ak1noDyjEslA0ZBlnVDrZkXuf8ddsBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:53:51.093243Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1807.08693","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6deb17eee0b2e159d489a64f10d7c961e1af0eb9f0f18e8e6c0a354792e5512a","sha256:a0ab1d058a4e38a3a42b97e0485a0a1a1774729bd74e0736288b0527907fda2b"],"state_sha256":"393f44fe24ac3e2427f50325e6abeb3b495d6245b05600b2b2334a8b9349193a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cPyD1RNLrcrC3w5vE+ex0OEJ6HipbSexWYA0FZKNBSp8QZ09onPzeNTYbx1aaRd3MwFCLFDP6UrKJ18+OjJOCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T07:29:45.327425Z","bundle_sha256":"98f58ca6f03e61df4d850279a8733df9867c534b6e8dd6ce774e2ff3e755ac41"}}