{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR","short_pith_number":"pith:CUNHIVU7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.02775","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T06:18:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"5d0cb65633d8cacb42d468a0a1e1d5b508327fb0405c0b497b37e6075f1d0195","abstract_canon_sha256":"9004adf020faaddba9cbcc42bdce096fc746ba06ec4e9e087d2857c91cf98fd5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"151a74569f5f7365ba5778ab5c47c8645a5dd92d3feb8b24700f3d6160839e8f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2201.02775","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.02775","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.02775v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.02775","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CUNHIVU7L5ZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CUNHIVU7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.02775","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T06:18:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"5d0cb65633d8cacb42d468a0a1e1d5b508327fb0405c0b497b37e6075f1d0195","abstract_canon_sha256":"9004adf020faaddba9cbcc42bdce096fc746ba06ec4e9e087d2857c91cf98fd5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"151a74569f5f7365ba5778ab5c47c8645a5dd92d3feb8b24700f3d6160839e8f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32.375707Z","signature_b64":"MLhtXVnM+0MrVUs7VXZW4CzLpT3ySPwI0PMrg03m+tqgqT3f6d7EdlC3XLqTvtwluiH2oukpYQxpIk4nwwi1DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"151a74569f5f7365ba5778ab5c47c8645a5dd92d3feb8b24700f3d6160839e8f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32.375144Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32.375144Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2201.02775","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aBaRmFEfdC6dlIUzAjLjGP1jj5ijDYdWBvMeD7eiSpXyU3gvXu5rEPwvQ/qo5Fmb3jyrTSKUGSIn7//fey5RAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T00:10:20.889942Z"},"content_sha256":"c96eef800f42652044af581cd4f671c74b854bfe56b7b4ee9e4bf4eb6c8a6d1a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c96eef800f42652044af581cd4f671c74b854bfe56b7b4ee9e4bf4eb6c8a6d1a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"ADI: Adversarial Dominating Inputs in Vertical Federated Learning Systems","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Qi Pang, Shuai Wang, Wenting Zheng, Yuanyuan Yuan","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T06:18:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"Vertical federated learning (VFL) system has recently become prominent as a concept to process data distributed across many individual sources without the need to centralize it. Multiple participants collaboratively train models based on their local data in a privacy-aware manner. To date, VFL has become a de facto solution to securely learn a model among organizations, allowing knowledge to be shared without compromising privacy of any individuals. Despite the prosperous development of VFL systems, we find that certain inputs of a participant, named adversarial dominating inputs (ADIs), can d"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.02775","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2201.02775/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QUl3uU1Z/aVQTZBatzl8vZxdAMmMlnU2jSJB6+J2Qxz2GY1DyJyi8BD443W15EHMB0gl65/3Pcu7w2F1EQZoBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T00:10:20.890351Z"},"content_sha256":"b1b3f6020e676cc8a8c239adcd94c42b4b8208d73f9e4d582b4f9b90da764b49","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b1b3f6020e676cc8a8c239adcd94c42b4b8208d73f9e4d582b4f9b90da764b49"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T00:10:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSXPCVVYR6IMR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9004adf020faaddba9cbcc42bdce096fc746ba06ec4e9e087d2857c91cf98fd5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T06:18:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d0cb65633d8cacb42d468a0a1e1d5b508327fb0405c0b497b37e6075f1d0195"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.02775","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.02775","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.02775v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.02775","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CUNHIVU7L5ZW","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CUNHIVU7L5ZWLOSX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CUNHIVU7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b1b3f6020e676cc8a8c239adcd94c42b4b8208d73f9e4d582b4f9b90da764b49","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2201.02775/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Vertical federated learning (VFL) system has recently become prominent as a concept to process data distributed across many individual sources without the need to centralize it. Multiple participants collaboratively train models based on their local data in a privacy-aware manner. To date, VFL has become a de facto solution to securely learn a model among organizations, allowing knowledge to be shared without compromising privacy of any individuals. Despite the prosperous development of VFL systems, we find that certain inputs of a participant, named adversarial dominating inputs (ADIs), can d","authors_text":"Qi Pang, Shuai Wang, Wenting Zheng, Yuanyuan Yuan","cross_cats":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T06:18:17Z","title":"ADI: Adversarial Dominating Inputs in Vertical Federated Learning Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.02775","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c96eef800f42652044af581cd4f671c74b854bfe56b7b4ee9e4bf4eb6c8a6d1a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9004adf020faaddba9cbcc42bdce096fc746ba06ec4e9e087d2857c91cf98fd5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-01-08T06:18:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"5d0cb65633d8cacb42d468a0a1e1d5b508327fb0405c0b497b37e6075f1d0195"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.02775","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"151a74569f5f7365ba5778ab5c47c8645a5dd92d3feb8b24700f3d6160839e8f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"151a74569f5f7365ba5778ab5c47c8645a5dd92d3feb8b24700f3d6160839e8f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32.375144Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32.375144Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"MLhtXVnM+0MrVUs7VXZW4CzLpT3ySPwI0PMrg03m+tqgqT3f6d7EdlC3XLqTvtwluiH2oukpYQxpIk4nwwi1DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:34:32.375707Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2201.02775","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c96eef800f42652044af581cd4f671c74b854bfe56b7b4ee9e4bf4eb6c8a6d1a","sha256:b1b3f6020e676cc8a8c239adcd94c42b4b8208d73f9e4d582b4f9b90da764b49"],"state_sha256":"005329a3f4a3865ce6ecacd3cc330d78daeb354225d60e13e082183059c1c24f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"f94gIZzOmWdoh2cUnHwr9d/ozpBAoZJ4Xiu/pO7awh8WMUMGO7xfhy3WNQSj2l8yGtyiTsVk/zqr93TzrHGlAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T00:10:20.892406Z","bundle_sha256":"43503c84f3cbde9602b587ca12c0a1abc8c94ac6cbd6c13a478379f96d86b449"}}