{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX","short_pith_number":"pith:CWNB3H4Z","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.04015","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-04-15T20:00:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9cfa9f080e3bc82f007a47552b5a4e26cbcf5361b03674a5b69db9174be4db91","abstract_canon_sha256":"3e8e871278e8c4cff15cc19d9142c49d38fbd53a2d1337975a0b309c774dba29"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"159a1d9f99b900430e3bc0703d68d6c5d8efbd1388aa5121782c6387981dedae","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1504.04015","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.04015","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.04015v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.04015","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CWNB3H4ZXEAE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CWNB3H4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1504.04015","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-04-15T20:00:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9cfa9f080e3bc82f007a47552b5a4e26cbcf5361b03674a5b69db9174be4db91","abstract_canon_sha256":"3e8e871278e8c4cff15cc19d9142c49d38fbd53a2d1337975a0b309c774dba29"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"159a1d9f99b900430e3bc0703d68d6c5d8efbd1388aa5121782c6387981dedae","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.691956Z","signature_b64":"zxK6bEIzEFWi09jxoGix4ch4+sVSXe4Th/myQwtIhcItkGQcH/H2DgYwXyQwcwyO/AuZDUz3eQra5Iv1QtqSAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"159a1d9f99b900430e3bc0703d68d6c5d8efbd1388aa5121782c6387981dedae","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.691130Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.691130Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1504.04015","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KSmpqhEQgCLSS+slUEitdelN/Ey+1kxcB7s+JnOsKhTDqyt5wNv7oNv0nprYgi0krBNDiJbGDrdvimIiehv3AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T05:26:20.711604Z"},"content_sha256":"2fa640a98d594ab0cbe684ae4dd8872a1fde8a16d8e4a933a5ed4088cc77dba1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2fa640a98d594ab0cbe684ae4dd8872a1fde8a16d8e4a933a5ed4088cc77dba1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Beacons In the Dark: Using Novae and Supernovae to Detect Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Universe","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Charlie Conroy, James S. Bullock","submitted_at":"2015-04-15T20:00:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose that luminous transients, including novae and supernovae, can be used to detect the faintest galaxies in the universe. Beyond a few Mpc, dwarf galaxies with stellar masses $<10^6 M_{\\odot}$ will likely be too faint and/or too low in surface brightness to be directly detected in upcoming large area ground-based photometric surveys. However, single epoch LSST photometry will be able to detect novae to distances of $\\sim30$ Mpc and SNe to Gpc-scale distances. Depending on the form of the stellar mass-halo mass relation and the underlying star formation histories of low mass dwarfs, the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.04015","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zeLlu1o3m6Ne3RXYTyJ26bb+w01J6e73yXAhVjR9NX/ebuFYPnHiThi3LG1PTZ3mE+dfOPNfEVbQdyTUesu0AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T05:26:20.711961Z"},"content_sha256":"3a3e5e423f34e881c4724fdf9a13a0ac275b5fb3325558828fd4d102b945c427","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3a3e5e423f34e881c4724fdf9a13a0ac275b5fb3325558828fd4d102b945c427"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-04T05:26:20Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3YBYD22GWYX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3e8e871278e8c4cff15cc19d9142c49d38fbd53a2d1337975a0b309c774dba29","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-04-15T20:00:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"9cfa9f080e3bc82f007a47552b5a4e26cbcf5361b03674a5b69db9174be4db91"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.04015","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1504.04015","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1504.04015v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1504.04015","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"CWNB3H4ZXEAE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"CWNB3H4ZXEAEGDR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"CWNB3H4Z","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3a3e5e423f34e881c4724fdf9a13a0ac275b5fb3325558828fd4d102b945c427","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose that luminous transients, including novae and supernovae, can be used to detect the faintest galaxies in the universe. Beyond a few Mpc, dwarf galaxies with stellar masses $<10^6 M_{\\odot}$ will likely be too faint and/or too low in surface brightness to be directly detected in upcoming large area ground-based photometric surveys. However, single epoch LSST photometry will be able to detect novae to distances of $\\sim30$ Mpc and SNe to Gpc-scale distances. Depending on the form of the stellar mass-halo mass relation and the underlying star formation histories of low mass dwarfs, the","authors_text":"Charlie Conroy, James S. Bullock","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-04-15T20:00:37Z","title":"Beacons In the Dark: Using Novae and Supernovae to Detect Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Universe"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1504.04015","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2fa640a98d594ab0cbe684ae4dd8872a1fde8a16d8e4a933a5ed4088cc77dba1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3e8e871278e8c4cff15cc19d9142c49d38fbd53a2d1337975a0b309c774dba29","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2015-04-15T20:00:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"9cfa9f080e3bc82f007a47552b5a4e26cbcf5361b03674a5b69db9174be4db91"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1504.04015","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"159a1d9f99b900430e3bc0703d68d6c5d8efbd1388aa5121782c6387981dedae","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"159a1d9f99b900430e3bc0703d68d6c5d8efbd1388aa5121782c6387981dedae","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.691130Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.691130Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"zxK6bEIzEFWi09jxoGix4ch4+sVSXe4Th/myQwtIhcItkGQcH/H2DgYwXyQwcwyO/AuZDUz3eQra5Iv1QtqSAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:03:32.691956Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1504.04015","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2fa640a98d594ab0cbe684ae4dd8872a1fde8a16d8e4a933a5ed4088cc77dba1","sha256:3a3e5e423f34e881c4724fdf9a13a0ac275b5fb3325558828fd4d102b945c427"],"state_sha256":"d05618aacb801d85bc1061ad585e1b17dd82d2aa8c157f36049e535c618a683d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Xhvf7yWwg/u2fyyJiJasVNumwbQIi4MhyaXI9s+O31XKgVn1KiKG3WG92sOCC5p00XiVSV+HWXBPWwFhu6dlDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-04T05:26:20.713940Z","bundle_sha256":"af42743a5515d5502b052a68d9168098f4bb885a8aa32a8cd0ffd08968d5f305"}}