{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM","short_pith_number":"pith:DDU5VJXU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.6870","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MS","submitted_at":"2014-03-26T21:51:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"24b26e5c32d34f16ac283f767ef34c0ad6ab9cac4488179af49e6b57dc654b6f","abstract_canon_sha256":"3db45f7400f41613e93f8dc0a4874e09417cd868ad68a708278239a3c29e0ddb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"18e9daa6f4a49c3939c9c082d982b1a32239cf0949fd6f5bd5d854405b74b043","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1403.6870","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.6870","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.6870v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.6870","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DDU5VJXUUSOD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DDU5VJXU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1403.6870","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MS","submitted_at":"2014-03-26T21:51:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"24b26e5c32d34f16ac283f767ef34c0ad6ab9cac4488179af49e6b57dc654b6f","abstract_canon_sha256":"3db45f7400f41613e93f8dc0a4874e09417cd868ad68a708278239a3c29e0ddb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"18e9daa6f4a49c3939c9c082d982b1a32239cf0949fd6f5bd5d854405b74b043","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53.020202Z","signature_b64":"mcS8GURd46ZGK1GDbsAAgd718/AGkflcSLYp57cU/BDmZJiH+cilrmPtJf9HRr13++XDU8TTI3CN8dNaAq9xBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"18e9daa6f4a49c3939c9c082d982b1a32239cf0949fd6f5bd5d854405b74b043","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53.019446Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53.019446Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1403.6870","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"217i58aMAwCKYVqt+eCvxs930R+9nFQKBnfHhjiRQQauKRkbINudLa8tKnN/s4H7uBe6K/yHCdhjwgrs+uFfAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T07:00:29.228007Z"},"content_sha256":"06b2ef472cb15806975cdc5ba3e0439b8fbb07e350c78b957a268c4eed2eca54","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:06b2ef472cb15806975cdc5ba3e0439b8fbb07e350c78b957a268c4eed2eca54"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A modified ziggurat algorithm for generating exponentially- and normally-distributed pseudorandom numbers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.MS","authors_text":"Christopher D McFarland","submitted_at":"2014-03-26T21:51:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Ziggurat Algorithm is a very fast rejection sampling method for generating PseudoRandom Numbers (PRNs) from common statistical distributions. The algorithm divides a distribution into rectangular layers that stack on top of each other (resembling a Ziggurat), subsuming the desired distribution. Random values within these rectangular layers are then sampled by rejection. This implementation splits layers into two types: those constituting the majority that fall completely under the distribution and can be sampled extremely fast without a rejection test, and a few additional layers that enca"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.6870","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6zLC8Qx5SJLnFdbHiyri9hMEHRxdy/6JrxrujIpBJBCcqs9blJ+Tzkyha8IBuUpLIaxScRR6M3hNc3otVnsCAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T07:00:29.228367Z"},"content_sha256":"886b6d381e8ee67fa687c73d1efdc77049cfe3a321fabd8a170716214f501dc6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:886b6d381e8ee67fa687c73d1efdc77049cfe3a321fabd8a170716214f501dc6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-27T07:00:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJYCBNTAVRUM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3db45f7400f41613e93f8dc0a4874e09417cd868ad68a708278239a3c29e0ddb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MS","submitted_at":"2014-03-26T21:51:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"24b26e5c32d34f16ac283f767ef34c0ad6ab9cac4488179af49e6b57dc654b6f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.6870","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1403.6870","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1403.6870v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1403.6870","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DDU5VJXUUSOD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DDU5VJXUUSODSOOJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DDU5VJXU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:886b6d381e8ee67fa687c73d1efdc77049cfe3a321fabd8a170716214f501dc6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Ziggurat Algorithm is a very fast rejection sampling method for generating PseudoRandom Numbers (PRNs) from common statistical distributions. The algorithm divides a distribution into rectangular layers that stack on top of each other (resembling a Ziggurat), subsuming the desired distribution. Random values within these rectangular layers are then sampled by rejection. This implementation splits layers into two types: those constituting the majority that fall completely under the distribution and can be sampled extremely fast without a rejection test, and a few additional layers that enca","authors_text":"Christopher D McFarland","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MS","submitted_at":"2014-03-26T21:51:41Z","title":"A modified ziggurat algorithm for generating exponentially- and normally-distributed pseudorandom numbers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1403.6870","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:06b2ef472cb15806975cdc5ba3e0439b8fbb07e350c78b957a268c4eed2eca54","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3db45f7400f41613e93f8dc0a4874e09417cd868ad68a708278239a3c29e0ddb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.MS","submitted_at":"2014-03-26T21:51:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"24b26e5c32d34f16ac283f767ef34c0ad6ab9cac4488179af49e6b57dc654b6f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1403.6870","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"18e9daa6f4a49c3939c9c082d982b1a32239cf0949fd6f5bd5d854405b74b043","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"18e9daa6f4a49c3939c9c082d982b1a32239cf0949fd6f5bd5d854405b74b043","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53.019446Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53.019446Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"mcS8GURd46ZGK1GDbsAAgd718/AGkflcSLYp57cU/BDmZJiH+cilrmPtJf9HRr13++XDU8TTI3CN8dNaAq9xBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:53:53.020202Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1403.6870","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:06b2ef472cb15806975cdc5ba3e0439b8fbb07e350c78b957a268c4eed2eca54","sha256:886b6d381e8ee67fa687c73d1efdc77049cfe3a321fabd8a170716214f501dc6"],"state_sha256":"f695fd795f89ee80916544e78daca6a01275bc108329f5afaf16d0b7edfe9816"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kxxn58odBcyklSCK+uHZsaND+q7yEViJRBqCaXRv6HRGHWphLnKpgGfeAv965wfI/eMSfiy+6UNJ+BaViljxCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T07:00:29.230181Z","bundle_sha256":"c4399bec953f0d3ae18856231a7330ba91eaec56f2e3e5f53d79557a939f9b67"}}