{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C","short_pith_number":"pith:DDUJCPLP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.1807","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-04-07T14:57:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a653e22eb979be4f93fa08f2d48c0f3496776116277dd29c56e02800e71b6432","abstract_canon_sha256":"ac3b7a6b4d3cdd1f09d1e3215f5d89d9793c70c6ef60363b5d461857f233a885"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"18e8913d6f620648c0a82ae5e08287f89c4293876629082e257e1ea2dbbc77e8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1404.1807","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.1807","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.1807v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.1807","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DDUJCPLPMIDE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DDUJCPLPMIDERQFI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DDUJCPLP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1404.1807","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-04-07T14:57:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a653e22eb979be4f93fa08f2d48c0f3496776116277dd29c56e02800e71b6432","abstract_canon_sha256":"ac3b7a6b4d3cdd1f09d1e3215f5d89d9793c70c6ef60363b5d461857f233a885"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"18e8913d6f620648c0a82ae5e08287f89c4293876629082e257e1ea2dbbc77e8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25.784296Z","signature_b64":"rPmx7QtIsvTjbnvJIK8qM/zkfKj4C1HliOT2c7cNt2r7gZungzNuA7qV+dkHeCmEjWyB9b+xhtM3v1YoQUYaAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"18e8913d6f620648c0a82ae5e08287f89c4293876629082e257e1ea2dbbc77e8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25.783843Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25.783843Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1404.1807","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BynzsSzGhjJyO5mwciRlz/I84HUvjMtwFdkyQ4HrcN26Im+ZBlXqNf4Gtie1cHIw+MtYFaaXwtTJT18wGkk9BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T06:34:27.724333Z"},"content_sha256":"664cde8b749ae9e0566388b5cc108aff30ee3b5f712c5aeb58995db41dbbf0e9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:664cde8b749ae9e0566388b5cc108aff30ee3b5f712c5aeb58995db41dbbf0e9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Spectroscopic evidence for the convergence of lower and upper valence bands of PbQ (Q=Te, Se, S) with rising temperature","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"C. D. Malliakas, D. Bugaris, D. Y. Chung, J. Zhao, M. G. Kanatzidis, N. Appathurai, U. Chatterjee, V. Karlapati","submitted_at":"2014-04-07T14:57:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have conducted temperature dependent Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) study of the electronic structure of n-, p- type PbTe, PbSe and PbS, which are pre- mier thermoelectric materials. Our ARPES measurements on them provide direct evidence for the light hole upper valence bands (UVBs) and the so-called heavy hole lower valence bands (LVBs), and an unusual temperature dependent relative movement between their band maxima leading to a monotonic decrease in the energy separation between LVBs and UVBs with increase in temperature. This enables convergence of these valence bands"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.1807","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4hHKIEyVTGgtahC4YNiXE3yASWQi8kDav3XG/NoNiHOggMa2x1aHFTCLZB2UScfJBKplHHoRVlMmQNi6by44Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T06:34:27.724684Z"},"content_sha256":"9cd618c11313d6c19e9c1985aa072d12820880d66b821f3f64539b01093da8b3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9cd618c11313d6c19e9c1985aa072d12820880d66b821f3f64539b01093da8b3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T06:34:27Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:DDUJCPLPMIDERQFIFLS6BAUH7C","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ac3b7a6b4d3cdd1f09d1e3215f5d89d9793c70c6ef60363b5d461857f233a885","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-04-07T14:57:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"a653e22eb979be4f93fa08f2d48c0f3496776116277dd29c56e02800e71b6432"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.1807","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1404.1807","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1404.1807v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1404.1807","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DDUJCPLPMIDE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DDUJCPLPMIDERQFI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DDUJCPLP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:25Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9cd618c11313d6c19e9c1985aa072d12820880d66b821f3f64539b01093da8b3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We have conducted temperature dependent Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) study of the electronic structure of n-, p- type PbTe, PbSe and PbS, which are pre- mier thermoelectric materials. Our ARPES measurements on them provide direct evidence for the light hole upper valence bands (UVBs) and the so-called heavy hole lower valence bands (LVBs), and an unusual temperature dependent relative movement between their band maxima leading to a monotonic decrease in the energy separation between LVBs and UVBs with increase in temperature. This enables convergence of these valence bands","authors_text":"C. D. Malliakas, D. Bugaris, D. Y. Chung, J. Zhao, M. G. Kanatzidis, N. Appathurai, U. Chatterjee, V. Karlapati","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-04-07T14:57:27Z","title":"Spectroscopic evidence for the convergence of lower and upper valence bands of PbQ (Q=Te, Se, S) with rising temperature"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1404.1807","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:664cde8b749ae9e0566388b5cc108aff30ee3b5f712c5aeb58995db41dbbf0e9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ac3b7a6b4d3cdd1f09d1e3215f5d89d9793c70c6ef60363b5d461857f233a885","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2014-04-07T14:57:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"a653e22eb979be4f93fa08f2d48c0f3496776116277dd29c56e02800e71b6432"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1404.1807","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"18e8913d6f620648c0a82ae5e08287f89c4293876629082e257e1ea2dbbc77e8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"18e8913d6f620648c0a82ae5e08287f89c4293876629082e257e1ea2dbbc77e8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25.783843Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25.783843Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rPmx7QtIsvTjbnvJIK8qM/zkfKj4C1HliOT2c7cNt2r7gZungzNuA7qV+dkHeCmEjWyB9b+xhtM3v1YoQUYaAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:48:25.784296Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1404.1807","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:664cde8b749ae9e0566388b5cc108aff30ee3b5f712c5aeb58995db41dbbf0e9","sha256:9cd618c11313d6c19e9c1985aa072d12820880d66b821f3f64539b01093da8b3"],"state_sha256":"5c9c945984220b16e2edb0206bc546acb3c487e3c31310f1088baf542f0429a0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o1mGoTvvLNFTJsVNc5QbRBl4saAUbh6MIAKdHEJvamhpKaKY5qJNp6syrMfVi+nk7VPbcP5spl3ZHkKL4Z+pCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T06:34:27.726621Z","bundle_sha256":"a4ee256c8d8cb2260a2f8bb04272518b92ce0e7b73e5aa4ed65b686a63140d04"}}