{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU","short_pith_number":"pith:DNDQBF62","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.14853","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2023-06-26T17:07:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"687c5f9aaebfd25c8fb9f2634b2d01dca9f394c59febc66d6885c8040b9de81d","abstract_canon_sha256":"d392dff8e5f42aec7d0863503745a68fb336d2c94721d8bf683d0185ade5882d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1b470097dadca9f1a6e18f0d46049a6d2a5eb1f6ccfcbb1f0fa7326fbc3edcd5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2306.14853","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.14853","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.14853v5","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.14853","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DNDQBF623SU7","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DNDQBF623SU7DJXB","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DNDQBF62","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2306.14853","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2023-06-26T17:07:54Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"687c5f9aaebfd25c8fb9f2634b2d01dca9f394c59febc66d6885c8040b9de81d","abstract_canon_sha256":"d392dff8e5f42aec7d0863503745a68fb336d2c94721d8bf683d0185ade5882d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"1b470097dadca9f1a6e18f0d46049a6d2a5eb1f6ccfcbb1f0fa7326fbc3edcd5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44.501561Z","signature_b64":"P5FywhY4imcvJw3CgupA/OKIWHsJR1EnGBXEaS2nlz9AiVvfcl7c4O4fn+MDAKqEf3qtyYLquTkth3/UaVJLBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"1b470097dadca9f1a6e18f0d46049a6d2a5eb1f6ccfcbb1f0fa7326fbc3edcd5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44.500715Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44.500715Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2306.14853","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5r+iAVZn4xefO3Ba35+ib8ISZmaTYaKmQIjOEPlitQqbNoguXISEAiGv3yJCiPDmgm0xd+qt0eHpmfcOuYi5AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T21:11:25.667299Z"},"content_sha256":"7c3af0b83f338bd109fc3a3dc249396c36f8aad0cc1979c31c80075266b3f842","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7c3af0b83f338bd109fc3a3dc249396c36f8aad0cc1979c31c80075266b3f842"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Near-Optimal Nonconvex-Strongly-Convex Bilevel Optimization with Fully First-Order Oracles","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Jingzhao Zhang, Lesi Chen, Yaohua Ma","submitted_at":"2023-06-26T17:07:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we consider bilevel optimization when the lower-level problem is strongly convex. Recent works show that with a Hessian-vector product (HVP) oracle, one can provably find an $\\epsilon$-stationary point within ${\\mathcal{O}}(\\epsilon^{-2})$ oracle calls. However, the HVP oracle may be inaccessible or expensive in practice. Kwon et al. (ICML 2023) addressed this issue by proposing a first-order method that can achieve the same goal at a slower rate of $\\tilde{\\mathcal{O}}(\\epsilon^{-3})$. In this paper, we incorporate a two-time-scale update to improve their method to achieve the n"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.14853","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2306.14853/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"imbktOsb1CPdEe6PU0Fx9pagcR2M5UJ6Fe5FU5j+cCl6f8wZw6tlniu5yPsp69PXHr9T6uPUzVWVmydTwp7CAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T21:11:25.667702Z"},"content_sha256":"1d8de17c91f2edf45d3a988729084ca8005ba994f3010b64857bf95a8cda9b7e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d8de17c91f2edf45d3a988729084ca8005ba994f3010b64857bf95a8cda9b7e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-23T21:11:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:DNDQBF623SU7DJXBR4GUMBE2NU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d392dff8e5f42aec7d0863503745a68fb336d2c94721d8bf683d0185ade5882d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2023-06-26T17:07:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"687c5f9aaebfd25c8fb9f2634b2d01dca9f394c59febc66d6885c8040b9de81d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.14853","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2306.14853","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2306.14853v5","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2306.14853","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"DNDQBF623SU7","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"DNDQBF623SU7DJXB","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"DNDQBF62","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1d8de17c91f2edf45d3a988729084ca8005ba994f3010b64857bf95a8cda9b7e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2306.14853/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this work, we consider bilevel optimization when the lower-level problem is strongly convex. Recent works show that with a Hessian-vector product (HVP) oracle, one can provably find an $\\epsilon$-stationary point within ${\\mathcal{O}}(\\epsilon^{-2})$ oracle calls. However, the HVP oracle may be inaccessible or expensive in practice. Kwon et al. (ICML 2023) addressed this issue by proposing a first-order method that can achieve the same goal at a slower rate of $\\tilde{\\mathcal{O}}(\\epsilon^{-3})$. In this paper, we incorporate a two-time-scale update to improve their method to achieve the n","authors_text":"Jingzhao Zhang, Lesi Chen, Yaohua Ma","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2023-06-26T17:07:54Z","title":"Near-Optimal Nonconvex-Strongly-Convex Bilevel Optimization with Fully First-Order Oracles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2306.14853","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7c3af0b83f338bd109fc3a3dc249396c36f8aad0cc1979c31c80075266b3f842","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d392dff8e5f42aec7d0863503745a68fb336d2c94721d8bf683d0185ade5882d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2023-06-26T17:07:54Z","title_canon_sha256":"687c5f9aaebfd25c8fb9f2634b2d01dca9f394c59febc66d6885c8040b9de81d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2306.14853","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"1b470097dadca9f1a6e18f0d46049a6d2a5eb1f6ccfcbb1f0fa7326fbc3edcd5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"1b470097dadca9f1a6e18f0d46049a6d2a5eb1f6ccfcbb1f0fa7326fbc3edcd5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44.500715Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44.500715Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"P5FywhY4imcvJw3CgupA/OKIWHsJR1EnGBXEaS2nlz9AiVvfcl7c4O4fn+MDAKqEf3qtyYLquTkth3/UaVJLBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-26T02:03:44.501561Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2306.14853","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7c3af0b83f338bd109fc3a3dc249396c36f8aad0cc1979c31c80075266b3f842","sha256:1d8de17c91f2edf45d3a988729084ca8005ba994f3010b64857bf95a8cda9b7e"],"state_sha256":"5a2c3559883f0b5bdcf7d82f36fcf7dd25064e86fcf57ea08fec03e2b477fdd7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y1swrH7AYfOmeTCm4XWCLsIXkKc/sa1o0sAyU06pO5xgRN6bNNsmUJ5zDmrJ8a/AEjqbgp0Ya8B1n+SzjxVzCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T21:11:25.669705Z","bundle_sha256":"d17c92e2cba180656399212d4ca63459afe3f569981a5467275dd32da186240a"}}