{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP","short_pith_number":"pith:E4T5QITT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.07567","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-08-17T11:38:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP"],"title_canon_sha256":"b01fe12bdaab26fdfc0d5af96e547d95716888317d8b295b97511b576b51911a","abstract_canon_sha256":"4813af298599807377167f63729231baad329bb6661955fa6896290ec24603f0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2727d822731e894233de6f06a16f3a1bf72e0c83053c0859b0c18af16211fffe","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2108.07567","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.07567","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.07567v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.07567","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E4T5QITTD2EU","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E4T5QITTD2EUEM66","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E4T5QITT","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2108.07567","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-08-17T11:38:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP"],"title_canon_sha256":"b01fe12bdaab26fdfc0d5af96e547d95716888317d8b295b97511b576b51911a","abstract_canon_sha256":"4813af298599807377167f63729231baad329bb6661955fa6896290ec24603f0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2727d822731e894233de6f06a16f3a1bf72e0c83053c0859b0c18af16211fffe","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40.352720Z","signature_b64":"4wk8XPYaqJJARiIzodMW6yWxuMWFqHxMxLTjWtuSntCG2sJlgVhtAog3h373BfQrYvXwi4JuOeyNJ4AvLHIdAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2727d822731e894233de6f06a16f3a1bf72e0c83053c0859b0c18af16211fffe","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40.352281Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40.352281Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2108.07567","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fKXYDKF6xPbIvGXR8qMMARvM/bC0mDTkxUuOIh+ynZT44Fy07JLJ0UbiiM7yRpcjCIUIWgEEMNnZZbjINZSwDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T22:34:02.998597Z"},"content_sha256":"7ec2cf8398854784c7c8a6c879dcab4ac4c8cb69d9a00f36432c0a137bf12695","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7ec2cf8398854784c7c8a6c879dcab4ac4c8cb69d9a00f36432c0a137bf12695"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How Powerful is Graph Convolution for Recommendation?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","eess.SP"],"primary_cat":"cs.IR","authors_text":"Caihua Shan, Dongsheng Li, Jun Zhang, Khaled B. Letaief, Yao Zhang, Yifei Shen, Yongji Wu","submitted_at":"2021-08-17T11:38:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have recently enabled a popular class of algorithms for collaborative filtering (CF). Nevertheless, the theoretical underpinnings of their empirical successes remain elusive. In this paper, we endeavor to obtain a better understanding of GCN-based CF methods via the lens of graph signal processing. By identifying the critical role of smoothness, a key concept in graph signal processing, we develop a unified graph convolution-based framework for CF. We prove that many existing CF methods are special cases of this framework, including the neighborhood-based me"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.07567","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2108.07567/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+WOshbG69d/XnnzpYMG32E4kJXArTamkFHWPV1nY0HqcbDx9O6anxQQPMNxOxNzyNrH7Vc7vfCY+IcDi4pFwCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T22:34:02.999098Z"},"content_sha256":"b0c5e939b6f7b87e0baa68ff6c148568cbeba1a1afac083e9f5850ac67760f0b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b0c5e939b6f7b87e0baa68ff6c148568cbeba1a1afac083e9f5850ac67760f0b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T22:34:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:E4T5QITTD2EUEM66N4DKC3Z2DP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4813af298599807377167f63729231baad329bb6661955fa6896290ec24603f0","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-08-17T11:38:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"b01fe12bdaab26fdfc0d5af96e547d95716888317d8b295b97511b576b51911a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.07567","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2108.07567","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2108.07567v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2108.07567","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"E4T5QITTD2EU","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"E4T5QITTD2EUEM66","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"E4T5QITT","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b0c5e939b6f7b87e0baa68ff6c148568cbeba1a1afac083e9f5850ac67760f0b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2108.07567/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have recently enabled a popular class of algorithms for collaborative filtering (CF). Nevertheless, the theoretical underpinnings of their empirical successes remain elusive. In this paper, we endeavor to obtain a better understanding of GCN-based CF methods via the lens of graph signal processing. By identifying the critical role of smoothness, a key concept in graph signal processing, we develop a unified graph convolution-based framework for CF. We prove that many existing CF methods are special cases of this framework, including the neighborhood-based me","authors_text":"Caihua Shan, Dongsheng Li, Jun Zhang, Khaled B. Letaief, Yao Zhang, Yifei Shen, Yongji Wu","cross_cats":["cs.LG","eess.SP"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-08-17T11:38:18Z","title":"How Powerful is Graph Convolution for Recommendation?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2108.07567","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7ec2cf8398854784c7c8a6c879dcab4ac4c8cb69d9a00f36432c0a137bf12695","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4813af298599807377167f63729231baad329bb6661955fa6896290ec24603f0","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","eess.SP"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IR","submitted_at":"2021-08-17T11:38:18Z","title_canon_sha256":"b01fe12bdaab26fdfc0d5af96e547d95716888317d8b295b97511b576b51911a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2108.07567","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2727d822731e894233de6f06a16f3a1bf72e0c83053c0859b0c18af16211fffe","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2727d822731e894233de6f06a16f3a1bf72e0c83053c0859b0c18af16211fffe","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40.352281Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40.352281Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4wk8XPYaqJJARiIzodMW6yWxuMWFqHxMxLTjWtuSntCG2sJlgVhtAog3h373BfQrYvXwi4JuOeyNJ4AvLHIdAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:06:40.352720Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2108.07567","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7ec2cf8398854784c7c8a6c879dcab4ac4c8cb69d9a00f36432c0a137bf12695","sha256:b0c5e939b6f7b87e0baa68ff6c148568cbeba1a1afac083e9f5850ac67760f0b"],"state_sha256":"2781d6f43be166a8788ec5f00295721f73053996facfbcc5401e0d0e13d36aa0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GYZqDmRF0Yph6+4LaqaVR0IapeyO/z5jigRBPhI+n1UCKFTfK56xc84XXift4ImQMLwXjeps8UsNTfoT2dxTBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T22:34:03.004078Z","bundle_sha256":"a667b00b1d13ad0c6372adf805af15ef9657a86fb965056da2ac7ad733b95318"}}