{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY","short_pith_number":"pith:EIPN2RJH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1702.06959","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-02-22T19:00:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"11f728bbe0848cd73e09a14aaecd3c7ffd8eb2bbbcc46225507a04c5305146aa","abstract_canon_sha256":"5430109ae81939740ef8a98ac292e638e40d4da8a9e39046617bf263e22f385e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"221edd45279bf47b6dc83c062a4df94e2f4a3898130dc07e4b4bb83f08a72221","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1702.06959","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1702.06959","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1702.06959v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1702.06959","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EIPN2RJHTP2H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EIPN2RJH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1702.06959","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-02-22T19:00:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"11f728bbe0848cd73e09a14aaecd3c7ffd8eb2bbbcc46225507a04c5305146aa","abstract_canon_sha256":"5430109ae81939740ef8a98ac292e638e40d4da8a9e39046617bf263e22f385e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"221edd45279bf47b6dc83c062a4df94e2f4a3898130dc07e4b4bb83f08a72221","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18.480231Z","signature_b64":"oShWbQWR6uCxtKHPhPYXN7jLM88IlvTybWboStBt5a93k6tpnzRGKsoKN0PIiS3prh7mXIqaqD5us1y/GlduAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"221edd45279bf47b6dc83c062a4df94e2f4a3898130dc07e4b4bb83f08a72221","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18.479886Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18.479886Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1702.06959","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UfjTchKBC8KfTfPhLWKEffp/f4FTlNQdNi6FPPIY7FzD740MkIcRoZbdVZn3WASkwZX9DxtHG8MWTz2wkhgYAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T01:40:00.944745Z"},"content_sha256":"49ee69fc21e4ed82f54fcfaeaccf66902cd9b0214c765346c9e6dbeed56fbb4a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:49ee69fc21e4ed82f54fcfaeaccf66902cd9b0214c765346c9e6dbeed56fbb4a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantum Circuit Cosmology: The Expansion of the Universe Since the First Qubit","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"ChunJun Cao, Liam McAllister, Ning Bao, Sean M. Carroll","submitted_at":"2017-02-22T19:00:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider cosmological evolution from the perspective of quantum information. We present a quantum circuit model for the expansion of a comoving region of space, in which initially-unentangled ancilla qubits become entangled as expansion proceeds. We apply this model to the comoving region that now coincides with our Hubble volume, taking the number of entangled degrees of freedom in this region to be proportional to the de Sitter entropy. The quantum circuit model is applicable for at most 140 $e$-folds of inflationary and post-inflationary expansion: we argue that no geometric description "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1702.06959","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UneoJOpYnuOHL5xL/LL9kf//d/p6r/2LBXeF+O/CZHy8m8ZdGuhY0NexWlhLe8m52Padc6lYEU4wFWV1rbGPAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T01:40:00.945086Z"},"content_sha256":"b831c85e52cb89a5988aba6d7f95ea79c1fe283534d20dfee179f14be441cdc0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b831c85e52cb89a5988aba6d7f95ea79c1fe283534d20dfee179f14be441cdc0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-20T01:40:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OIHQDCUTPZJY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5430109ae81939740ef8a98ac292e638e40d4da8a9e39046617bf263e22f385e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-02-22T19:00:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"11f728bbe0848cd73e09a14aaecd3c7ffd8eb2bbbcc46225507a04c5305146aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1702.06959","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1702.06959","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1702.06959v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1702.06959","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EIPN2RJHTP2H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EIPN2RJHTP2HW3OI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EIPN2RJH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:12Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:b831c85e52cb89a5988aba6d7f95ea79c1fe283534d20dfee179f14be441cdc0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider cosmological evolution from the perspective of quantum information. We present a quantum circuit model for the expansion of a comoving region of space, in which initially-unentangled ancilla qubits become entangled as expansion proceeds. We apply this model to the comoving region that now coincides with our Hubble volume, taking the number of entangled degrees of freedom in this region to be proportional to the de Sitter entropy. The quantum circuit model is applicable for at most 140 $e$-folds of inflationary and post-inflationary expansion: we argue that no geometric description ","authors_text":"ChunJun Cao, Liam McAllister, Ning Bao, Sean M. Carroll","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-02-22T19:00:03Z","title":"Quantum Circuit Cosmology: The Expansion of the Universe Since the First Qubit"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1702.06959","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:49ee69fc21e4ed82f54fcfaeaccf66902cd9b0214c765346c9e6dbeed56fbb4a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5430109ae81939740ef8a98ac292e638e40d4da8a9e39046617bf263e22f385e","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","quant-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2017-02-22T19:00:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"11f728bbe0848cd73e09a14aaecd3c7ffd8eb2bbbcc46225507a04c5305146aa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1702.06959","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"221edd45279bf47b6dc83c062a4df94e2f4a3898130dc07e4b4bb83f08a72221","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"221edd45279bf47b6dc83c062a4df94e2f4a3898130dc07e4b4bb83f08a72221","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18.479886Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18.479886Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oShWbQWR6uCxtKHPhPYXN7jLM88IlvTybWboStBt5a93k6tpnzRGKsoKN0PIiS3prh7mXIqaqD5us1y/GlduAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:18.480231Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1702.06959","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:49ee69fc21e4ed82f54fcfaeaccf66902cd9b0214c765346c9e6dbeed56fbb4a","sha256:b831c85e52cb89a5988aba6d7f95ea79c1fe283534d20dfee179f14be441cdc0"],"state_sha256":"083484a954567e44574471b171f736c6b8504c652abdeb08d1c862c33eba4592"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"L/ACnhKYUuPTbu/6p3QG/AYiEofA6oSGEXbEfrfw7LRnNbp8oWn4Mg+Wn12nBkz8FAxd7up3SfWahWn02e+NDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-20T01:40:00.946912Z","bundle_sha256":"4d6afe89af3e6d59ffa202bc70bad415c69441dd310202c5fce5174b808b2d2a"}}