{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q","short_pith_number":"pith:EO6FALNN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1002.2605","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-02-12T17:32:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e6ed16c2c312c21e06be0eeda11966cb4b17f55de8d19d49f1d1a34e0b52ed38","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e848cfc642ac652e522e4bb6ede718e150c7f43e3803266960f5b40e3a0df9e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"23bc502dad5531d4782889c067e752e433652e6024e9f63c48385cb30a2c9c24","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1002.2605","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1002.2605","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1002.2605v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1002.2605","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EO6FALNNKUY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EO6FALNNKUY5I6BI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EO6FALNN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1002.2605","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-02-12T17:32:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e6ed16c2c312c21e06be0eeda11966cb4b17f55de8d19d49f1d1a34e0b52ed38","abstract_canon_sha256":"0e848cfc642ac652e522e4bb6ede718e150c7f43e3803266960f5b40e3a0df9e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"23bc502dad5531d4782889c067e752e433652e6024e9f63c48385cb30a2c9c24","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24.656868Z","signature_b64":"tSAG9xZ7iIUS41mgmsdpGepOba+EKAXrW97jLAUNSWniNa1LJtsEfcHGHBQeTF0UF5sbVCL6kyOLee7c4QLWAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"23bc502dad5531d4782889c067e752e433652e6024e9f63c48385cb30a2c9c24","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24.656300Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24.656300Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1002.2605","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4t5Dp4cVxmUokPsUK3n7wP896ljzIhptAA3IdR9paoJCyPu6kmQ723glTDLXe/v3bWv5oAuZzYhavJ0YWmq/Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T00:07:10.962213Z"},"content_sha256":"2f49e639065752df80e3ecd00428bdf70bf3b37a53e0a55dcd0700158722b55a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2f49e639065752df80e3ecd00428bdf70bf3b37a53e0a55dcd0700158722b55a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2010:EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Formation mechanism of hairpin vortices in the wake of a truncated square cylinder in a duct","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Alban Poth\\'erat, Vincent Dousset","submitted_at":"2010-02-12T17:32:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the laminar shedding of hairpin vortices in the wake of a truncated square cylinder placed in a duct, for Reynolds numbers around the critical threshold of the onset of vortex shedding. We single out the formation mechanism of the hairpin vortices by means of a detailed analysis of the flow patterns in the steady regime. We show that unlike in previous studies of similar structures, the dynamics of the hairpin vortices is entwined with that of the counter-rotating pair of streamwise vortices, which we found to be generated in the bottom part of the near wake (these are usually r"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1002.2605","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KGmGtm3gJjPGd6b+ubAMkfZoXz1ugPXEdyRdJzs3kg9rYR6JJbQpKGdLL8xulw2/uF9rMNEfOkWsppDaVt/1DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T00:07:10.962812Z"},"content_sha256":"e206faddbc213a36c7bc4922fc586f9f3d7b37ec699dd1a57980fa5b9cd42659","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e206faddbc213a36c7bc4922fc586f9f3d7b37ec699dd1a57980fa5b9cd42659"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-02T00:07:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2010:EO6FALNNKUY5I6BIRHAGPZ2S4Q","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e848cfc642ac652e522e4bb6ede718e150c7f43e3803266960f5b40e3a0df9e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-02-12T17:32:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"e6ed16c2c312c21e06be0eeda11966cb4b17f55de8d19d49f1d1a34e0b52ed38"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1002.2605","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1002.2605","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1002.2605v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1002.2605","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EO6FALNNKUY5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EO6FALNNKUY5I6BI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EO6FALNN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:06Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e206faddbc213a36c7bc4922fc586f9f3d7b37ec699dd1a57980fa5b9cd42659","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the laminar shedding of hairpin vortices in the wake of a truncated square cylinder placed in a duct, for Reynolds numbers around the critical threshold of the onset of vortex shedding. We single out the formation mechanism of the hairpin vortices by means of a detailed analysis of the flow patterns in the steady regime. We show that unlike in previous studies of similar structures, the dynamics of the hairpin vortices is entwined with that of the counter-rotating pair of streamwise vortices, which we found to be generated in the bottom part of the near wake (these are usually r","authors_text":"Alban Poth\\'erat, Vincent Dousset","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-02-12T17:32:33Z","title":"Formation mechanism of hairpin vortices in the wake of a truncated square cylinder in a duct"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1002.2605","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2f49e639065752df80e3ecd00428bdf70bf3b37a53e0a55dcd0700158722b55a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0e848cfc642ac652e522e4bb6ede718e150c7f43e3803266960f5b40e3a0df9e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2010-02-12T17:32:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"e6ed16c2c312c21e06be0eeda11966cb4b17f55de8d19d49f1d1a34e0b52ed38"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1002.2605","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"23bc502dad5531d4782889c067e752e433652e6024e9f63c48385cb30a2c9c24","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"23bc502dad5531d4782889c067e752e433652e6024e9f63c48385cb30a2c9c24","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24.656300Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24.656300Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"tSAG9xZ7iIUS41mgmsdpGepOba+EKAXrW97jLAUNSWniNa1LJtsEfcHGHBQeTF0UF5sbVCL6kyOLee7c4QLWAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:08:24.656868Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1002.2605","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2f49e639065752df80e3ecd00428bdf70bf3b37a53e0a55dcd0700158722b55a","sha256:e206faddbc213a36c7bc4922fc586f9f3d7b37ec699dd1a57980fa5b9cd42659"],"state_sha256":"c4b109d4fc6dad107afe17b61c3c91717a7b7fc473392131872b8a7722e62b09"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YqJd+mddHE0EgeNhyWoyn0NLeIz3Tn6pdi0cJ9XGE5OA6oK+ByZG1PDZXhuRsO+oTGliuAFGSeAN74U/wbQ3Ag==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-02T00:07:10.966036Z","bundle_sha256":"bbb89b361e9ede718c467d81829e116c0392eb5a44edf72151405b16568fc54f"}}