{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2023:EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF","short_pith_number":"pith:EPWIERA3","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"23ec82441b4f24bbfe31ee21e68a8d19776af20d8a60feb8cf6d9a3763d15b4a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2310.18686","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Ringdown gravitational waves from close scattering of two black holes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Gungwon Kang, Yeong-Bok Bae, Young-Hwan Hyun","submitted_at":"2023-10-28T12:01:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have numerically investigated close scattering processes of two black holes (BHs). Our careful analysis shows for the first time a non-merging ringdown gravitational wave coming from dynamical tidal deformations of individual BHs during their close encounter. The ringdown wave frequencies turn out to agree well with the quasi-normal ones of a single BH in perturbation theory, despite its distinctive physical context from the merging case. Our study shows a new type of gravitational waveform and opens up a new exploration of strong gravitational interactions using BH encounters."},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2310.18686","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2023-10-28T12:01:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"600d2c6f7bdb5350844cf58e62f690495ff3c89329988510b794f3e4cf2dd646","abstract_canon_sha256":"c9a9ac61ab855fe0acef080df6e15b306887709011c4b6a450a3dc0cf8d944a9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473604Z","signature_b64":"No5BUe36MKKqyPsyJL5+OfTYpkuqk5AgcPeT0kQP6uSATCjGrP8ndrSYfrxIVe/KPwWsGMUKrR70tfd1jtGaCg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"23ec82441b4f24bbfe31ee21e68a8d19776af20d8a60feb8cf6d9a3763d15b4a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473202Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473202Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ringdown gravitational waves from close scattering of two black holes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Gungwon Kang, Yeong-Bok Bae, Young-Hwan Hyun","submitted_at":"2023-10-28T12:01:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have numerically investigated close scattering processes of two black holes (BHs). Our careful analysis shows for the first time a non-merging ringdown gravitational wave coming from dynamical tidal deformations of individual BHs during their close encounter. The ringdown wave frequencies turn out to agree well with the quasi-normal ones of a single BH in perturbation theory, despite its distinctive physical context from the merging case. Our study shows a new type of gravitational waveform and opens up a new exploration of strong gravitational interactions using BH encounters."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.18686","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2310.18686/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2310.18686","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473256+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2310.18686v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473256+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2310.18686","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473256+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EPWIERA3J4SL","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473256+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473256+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EPWIERA3","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473256+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":3,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.30865","citing_title":"Scalarization and descalarization in hyperbolic encounters of black holes","ref_index":134,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.21640","citing_title":"Gravitational Wave Hyperbolic Catalog: Reanalyzing High-Mass Gravitational Wave Signals Using Hyperbolic Waveforms","ref_index":20,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2511.00307","citing_title":"Spin-up and mass-gain in hyperbolic encounters of spinning black holes","ref_index":50,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF","json":"https://pith.science/pith/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/EPWIERA3"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/EPWIERA3","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2310.18686&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/EPWIERA3J4SLX7RR5YQ6NCUNDF/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473256+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T07:06:39.473256+00:00"}