{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5","short_pith_number":"pith:ETTWREGY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2601.16407","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-01-23T02:36:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"45e099e7b0fd5f7ba1c81d72356d499d76f14f7a5099b15f04d5fbfdb4e477dd","abstract_canon_sha256":"3b094a8f7957772a2696cf05fb4068b6c5e4bac34407ff070977c3e59180ad8b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"24e76890d829e7e89e7c5d324dfd17977c6c3a2a01fb8453449846715ac2084b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2601.16407","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2601.16407","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2601.16407v4","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2601.16407","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ETTWREGYFHT6","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ETTWREGY","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2601.16407","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-01-23T02:36:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"45e099e7b0fd5f7ba1c81d72356d499d76f14f7a5099b15f04d5fbfdb4e477dd","abstract_canon_sha256":"3b094a8f7957772a2696cf05fb4068b6c5e4bac34407ff070977c3e59180ad8b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"24e76890d829e7e89e7c5d324dfd17977c6c3a2a01fb8453449846715ac2084b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53.986587Z","signature_b64":"UVeb8zycp0tS6aWub945TNNOClIFfaM7bzptW5H9FIytxIRsnCbcDooiajWCOdHCQI9lJJdG/HSDG/bmGGjQCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"24e76890d829e7e89e7c5d324dfd17977c6c3a2a01fb8453449846715ac2084b","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53.986187Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53.986187Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2601.16407","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3i1fEm0AeneKUdZ+2v5zt54rwTpM2wAzZWNlYqfQGjwtdKzBc6mwxwWJ65qPVycsh9MpocQl8z9a1oZFM9BYAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T22:23:24.679479Z"},"content_sha256":"05a4504bd9ac7afd74aa384c83852732d1bbe4bcdcbc92056b8960c5ed550dd2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:05a4504bd9ac7afd74aa384c83852732d1bbe4bcdcbc92056b8960c5ed550dd2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Jacobian Scopes: token-level causal attributions in LLMs","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Baran Zadeo\\u{g}lu, Christopher J. Earls, Gurbir Arora, Nicolas Boull\\'e, Rapha\\\"el Sarfati, Toni J.B. Liu","submitted_at":"2026-01-23T02:36:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) make next-token predictions based on clues present in their context, such as semantic descriptions and in-context examples. Yet, elucidating which prior tokens most strongly influence a given prediction remains challenging due to the proliferation of layers and attention heads in modern architectures. We propose Jacobian Scopes, a suite of gradient-based, token-level causal attribution methods for interpreting LLM predictions. Grounded in perturbation theory and information geometry, Jacobian Scopes quantify how input tokens influence various aspects of a model's p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2601.16407","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2601.16407/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AB1J1oAMGPwuyXpBHPzS0fWIUBwDV4DIkrHHfYogYDKxoMel75fDfhE55rcj02jq3muJYh8r+rULAxH/QHqrDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T22:23:24.679860Z"},"content_sha256":"5fed77911ee91ce94fe4ace5b044d3c7fb079e78480067450443661409043c5a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5fed77911ee91ce94fe4ace5b044d3c7fb079e78480067450443661409043c5a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-27T22:23:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4LUZE37IXS5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3b094a8f7957772a2696cf05fb4068b6c5e4bac34407ff070977c3e59180ad8b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-01-23T02:36:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"45e099e7b0fd5f7ba1c81d72356d499d76f14f7a5099b15f04d5fbfdb4e477dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2601.16407","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2601.16407","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2601.16407v4","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2601.16407","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"ETTWREGYFHT6","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"ETTWREGYFHT6RHT4","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"ETTWREGY","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5fed77911ee91ce94fe4ace5b044d3c7fb079e78480067450443661409043c5a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2601.16407/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large language models (LLMs) make next-token predictions based on clues present in their context, such as semantic descriptions and in-context examples. Yet, elucidating which prior tokens most strongly influence a given prediction remains challenging due to the proliferation of layers and attention heads in modern architectures. We propose Jacobian Scopes, a suite of gradient-based, token-level causal attribution methods for interpreting LLM predictions. Grounded in perturbation theory and information geometry, Jacobian Scopes quantify how input tokens influence various aspects of a model's p","authors_text":"Baran Zadeo\\u{g}lu, Christopher J. Earls, Gurbir Arora, Nicolas Boull\\'e, Rapha\\\"el Sarfati, Toni J.B. Liu","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-01-23T02:36:38Z","title":"Jacobian Scopes: token-level causal attributions in LLMs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2601.16407","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:05a4504bd9ac7afd74aa384c83852732d1bbe4bcdcbc92056b8960c5ed550dd2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3b094a8f7957772a2696cf05fb4068b6c5e4bac34407ff070977c3e59180ad8b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2026-01-23T02:36:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"45e099e7b0fd5f7ba1c81d72356d499d76f14f7a5099b15f04d5fbfdb4e477dd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2601.16407","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"24e76890d829e7e89e7c5d324dfd17977c6c3a2a01fb8453449846715ac2084b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"24e76890d829e7e89e7c5d324dfd17977c6c3a2a01fb8453449846715ac2084b","first_computed_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53.986187Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53.986187Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UVeb8zycp0tS6aWub945TNNOClIFfaM7bzptW5H9FIytxIRsnCbcDooiajWCOdHCQI9lJJdG/HSDG/bmGGjQCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-19T16:09:53.986587Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2601.16407","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:05a4504bd9ac7afd74aa384c83852732d1bbe4bcdcbc92056b8960c5ed550dd2","sha256:5fed77911ee91ce94fe4ace5b044d3c7fb079e78480067450443661409043c5a"],"state_sha256":"0349d04251f3927a41672a4c71083999541353581ed07b11835d1f864ba7f3c2"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"m7E6UEyfEW4Es2C3YMw9i0E0eGWhNPqbwhX7U+YMm+c9ABmSGbpRNoK3dM4ceAsUD2zbkxzDeLO5qY2bVZFPBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T22:23:24.681869Z","bundle_sha256":"007829fa47c65a56efd639a8e9c6af179a53a3056b979ebc5a828246518502c2"}}