{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2025:EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ","short_pith_number":"pith:EZNPQIKR","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"265af8215128c961ce6d7b956896ac5c11da553fe10d9b62f39acef93f86fc8a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2504.20044","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"How Charged Can Neutrinos Be?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Michael Klasen, Sudip Jana, Vishnu P.K","submitted_at":"2025-04-28T17:59:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate how neutrinos may acquire small electric charges within the Standard Model framework while preserving electromagnetic gauge invariance. Instead of gauging the standard hypercharge generator $Y$, a linear combination of $Y$ and a new generator $X$ from a gaugable global $U(1)_X$ symmetry is embedded, under which neutrinos transform non-trivially. We demonstrate that minimal scenarios based on flavor-dependent $U(1)_X$ symmetries, such as $X = L_\\alpha - L_\\beta$, are incompatible with current neutrino oscillation data. In contrast, we have shown that only flavor-universal $U(1)_X"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.20044","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2025-04-28T17:59:59Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"9782d466684281c24a6ce1de6125187778f890883bf7574123da0d22f6b85743","abstract_canon_sha256":"0235887d1d4b2bd1f2691f0c2667f1a09844eb0b006605c746e3680ef8ec8beb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.374118Z","signature_b64":"DyabV2EzlzHAb3l5iXQhVP/O8nJfqYavP+t1phyolDGKFW7zc9FygwwVs07phdVdGkLPr8BAX3+Rp1pKgyo+AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"265af8215128c961ce6d7b956896ac5c11da553fe10d9b62f39acef93f86fc8a","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373667Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373667Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"How Charged Can Neutrinos Be?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE","hep-ex","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Michael Klasen, Sudip Jana, Vishnu P.K","submitted_at":"2025-04-28T17:59:59Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate how neutrinos may acquire small electric charges within the Standard Model framework while preserving electromagnetic gauge invariance. Instead of gauging the standard hypercharge generator $Y$, a linear combination of $Y$ and a new generator $X$ from a gaugable global $U(1)_X$ symmetry is embedded, under which neutrinos transform non-trivially. We demonstrate that minimal scenarios based on flavor-dependent $U(1)_X$ symmetries, such as $X = L_\\alpha - L_\\beta$, are incompatible with current neutrino oscillation data. In contrast, we have shown that only flavor-universal $U(1)_X"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.20044","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2504.20044/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.20044","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373720+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.20044v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373720+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.20044","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373720+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"EZNPQIKRFDEW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373720+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTN","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373720+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"EZNPQIKR","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373720+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":2,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.26013","citing_title":"Time-of-Flight Constraints on Neutrino Millicharge from Supernova Neutrinos in Galactic Magnetic Fields","ref_index":11,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.26013","citing_title":"Time-of-Flight Constraints on Neutrino Millicharge from Supernova Neutrinos in Galactic Magnetic Fields","ref_index":11,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ","json":"https://pith.science/pith/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/EZNPQIKR"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/EZNPQIKR","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2504.20044&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/EZNPQIKRFDEWDTTNPOKWRFVMLQ/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373720+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T10:55:08.373720+00:00"}