{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU","short_pith_number":"pith:F2QZZ2QY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.11338","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-07-30T13:26:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"22ff27c9db597f5e50598f7d91c6e1d7817e82f897fdec8000cfe45300ca5630","abstract_canon_sha256":"a953fedd759ac66297d0a51f1f36ebc861d0b46382f8bc9bb74fb4462c00cbf6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ea19cea18f81786a64268c1b7b064bd0b8a197524e150110ba1edc803ffe0d5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1807.11338","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.11338","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.11338v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.11338","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"F2QZZ2QY7ALY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"F2QZZ2QY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1807.11338","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-07-30T13:26:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"title_canon_sha256":"22ff27c9db597f5e50598f7d91c6e1d7817e82f897fdec8000cfe45300ca5630","abstract_canon_sha256":"a953fedd759ac66297d0a51f1f36ebc861d0b46382f8bc9bb74fb4462c00cbf6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ea19cea18f81786a64268c1b7b064bd0b8a197524e150110ba1edc803ffe0d5","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32.186843Z","signature_b64":"PwoIGHHX+ruKFkRlnsCrUk0RH9Fr7D7wLCe4oX+UgM+KfsDAsNMOURJKn5d98DfxK63qw1xNBaUpfxaQWvnJCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2ea19cea18f81786a64268c1b7b064bd0b8a197524e150110ba1edc803ffe0d5","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32.186256Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32.186256Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1807.11338","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eUTOAAjD7hAr1eJCl0KkgWg5os/dHx9v3RdvqC+Wft4wYX+N380zsjleX+UyGWT0lGGEzu1GpEvJkizov2QECA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T16:47:24.646163Z"},"content_sha256":"92d95ac9347003ccc54eb0bb7c6530b2476181d8947a29e0351cd54af59cc5d6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:92d95ac9347003ccc54eb0bb7c6530b2476181d8947a29e0351cd54af59cc5d6"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"A Flexible Network Approach to Privacy of Blockchain Transactions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"David M\\\"odinger, Frank Kargl, Franz J. Hauck, Henning Kopp","submitted_at":"2018-07-30T13:26:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"For preserving privacy, blockchains can be equipped with dedicated mechanisms to anonymize participants. However, these mechanism often take only the abstraction layer of blockchains into account whereas observations of the underlying network traffic can reveal the originator of a transaction request. Previous solutions either provide topological privacy that can be broken by attackers controlling a large number of nodes, or offer strong and cryptographic privacy but are inefficient up to practical unusability. Further, there is no flexible way to trade privacy against efficiency to adjust to "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.11338","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RXiAkyRJ+GkV9iE8EiP41T4mk2JCTGNA4Jbkz3/u5W2GWzjTkZkLsnt6vRbXEx4DadO8CeiHRK1teRnTMJo5Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T16:47:24.646528Z"},"content_sha256":"e9611835dbf3aa3c531576b50c7655c2097ed57affdcc01c71f6af457eeb9df0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e9611835dbf3aa3c531576b50c7655c2097ed57affdcc01c71f6af457eeb9df0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-23T16:47:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSCNDA3PMDEXU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a953fedd759ac66297d0a51f1f36ebc861d0b46382f8bc9bb74fb4462c00cbf6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-07-30T13:26:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"22ff27c9db597f5e50598f7d91c6e1d7817e82f897fdec8000cfe45300ca5630"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.11338","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1807.11338","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1807.11338v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1807.11338","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"F2QZZ2QY7ALY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"F2QZZ2QY7ALYNJSC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"F2QZZ2QY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e9611835dbf3aa3c531576b50c7655c2097ed57affdcc01c71f6af457eeb9df0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"For preserving privacy, blockchains can be equipped with dedicated mechanisms to anonymize participants. However, these mechanism often take only the abstraction layer of blockchains into account whereas observations of the underlying network traffic can reveal the originator of a transaction request. Previous solutions either provide topological privacy that can be broken by attackers controlling a large number of nodes, or offer strong and cryptographic privacy but are inefficient up to practical unusability. Further, there is no flexible way to trade privacy against efficiency to adjust to ","authors_text":"David M\\\"odinger, Frank Kargl, Franz J. Hauck, Henning Kopp","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-07-30T13:26:14Z","title":"A Flexible Network Approach to Privacy of Blockchain Transactions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1807.11338","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:92d95ac9347003ccc54eb0bb7c6530b2476181d8947a29e0351cd54af59cc5d6","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a953fedd759ac66297d0a51f1f36ebc861d0b46382f8bc9bb74fb4462c00cbf6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2018-07-30T13:26:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"22ff27c9db597f5e50598f7d91c6e1d7817e82f897fdec8000cfe45300ca5630"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1807.11338","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"2ea19cea18f81786a64268c1b7b064bd0b8a197524e150110ba1edc803ffe0d5","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2ea19cea18f81786a64268c1b7b064bd0b8a197524e150110ba1edc803ffe0d5","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32.186256Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32.186256Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PwoIGHHX+ruKFkRlnsCrUk0RH9Fr7D7wLCe4oX+UgM+KfsDAsNMOURJKn5d98DfxK63qw1xNBaUpfxaQWvnJCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:09:32.186843Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1807.11338","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:92d95ac9347003ccc54eb0bb7c6530b2476181d8947a29e0351cd54af59cc5d6","sha256:e9611835dbf3aa3c531576b50c7655c2097ed57affdcc01c71f6af457eeb9df0"],"state_sha256":"8f8af6d97dbc611c349af32a62610d0ed098a1ca2e33291dd0f8ec94a2ac5ddf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pdti4HKrEkssrr7R6vEvDDDhkn4gbsBnMYt+R1D0iyEVrvuJ3p3gKOts0k9pqkSKAuiPRZA8URX6qrQXTWx5Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-23T16:47:24.648475Z","bundle_sha256":"756a55defd8b28aca6755093aa28784dccc16ed356e2932bb78154cc5b92f2b3"}}