{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V","short_pith_number":"pith:FBSBVP3T","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2510.00292","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-30T21:24:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"17020ca7de30d7298897e2f2d27cd3be50d496accb8e306368cfb8473a8d069d","abstract_canon_sha256":"ae12a965fcfa4a7595438748a2f5adab7e18bee8f2971dc1ce9eb82f887be4f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"28641abf738fdf987e8a8ecd88e1b5dd60f1c91731b243e582fc8c842c50fb89","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2510.00292","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2510.00292","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2510.00292v4","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2510.00292","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FBSBVP3TR7PZ","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UK","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FBSBVP3T","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2510.00292","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-30T21:24:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"17020ca7de30d7298897e2f2d27cd3be50d496accb8e306368cfb8473a8d069d","abstract_canon_sha256":"ae12a965fcfa4a7595438748a2f5adab7e18bee8f2971dc1ce9eb82f887be4f7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"28641abf738fdf987e8a8ecd88e1b5dd60f1c91731b243e582fc8c842c50fb89","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09.719101Z","signature_b64":"MhtvRlzwQLKSWKMzdPsLJxr73+cDDwtd6MPfB/p8qr9URNZfHcAHP6CW6+dvVToEUQtJl8np5n/oNQV9hXnfBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"28641abf738fdf987e8a8ecd88e1b5dd60f1c91731b243e582fc8c842c50fb89","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09.718568Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09.718568Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2510.00292","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zu4Wj1x8zaZbyS5T55jITVzWLGtgyFuOdzSlAAB4+zgY8/Ogyh/Zew/ElpA8WL4E59PQgAYg3BCEoHQPQk6iDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T22:20:50.929188Z"},"content_sha256":"585eb644bc9d6b563c05c01b9c8c435908312328d7559b884bb22387c03709c5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:585eb644bc9d6b563c05c01b9c8c435908312328d7559b884bb22387c03709c5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Colors of Ices: Measuring ice column density through photometry","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"JWST photometry alone can quantify interstellar ices in the Galactic Center, showing over 25 percent of carbon frozen as CO and implying at least 2.5 times solar metallicity.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Adam Ginsburg, Alyssa Bulatek, A. T. Barnes, Brandt A. L. Gaches, Cara D. Battersby, Desmond Jeff, Matthew L. N. Ashby, Miriam G. Santa-Maria, Nazar Budaiev, Neal J. Evans II, Savannah R. Gramze","submitted_at":"2025-09-30T21:24:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ices imprint strong absorption features in the near- and mid-infrared, but until recently they have been studied almost exclusively with spectroscopy toward small samples of bright sources. We show that JWST photometry alone can reveal and quantify interstellar ices, and we present a new open-source modeling tool, icemodels, to produce synthetic photometry of ices based on laboratory measurements. We provide reference tables indicating which filters are likely to be observably affected by ice absorption. Applying these models to NIRCam data of background stars behind \\refereeseveral Galactic C"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Accounting for all likely ices, we infer that >25% of the total carbon is frozen into CO ice in the GC, which exceeds the entire solar-neighborhood carbon budget. By assuming the freezeout fraction is the same in GC and disk clouds, we obtain a metallicity measurement indicating that Z_GC ≳2.5 Z_⊙.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The assumption that the ice freezeout fraction is identical between Galactic Center and Galactic disk clouds, which is required to convert the fitted ice column densities into the claimed metallicity value.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"JWST photometry detects CO, H2O, and CO2 ices in Galactic Center clouds, with >25% of carbon frozen in CO ice implying Z_GC ≳2.5 Z_⊙ under equal freezeout assumption.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"JWST photometry alone can quantify interstellar ices in the Galactic Center, showing over 25 percent of carbon frozen as CO and implying at least 2.5 times solar metallicity.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"62a1cb6bc5283a29ad6a14d67ed5a572a2a11548e989eeb50f94b80ca1a9b2c0"},"source":{"id":"2510.00292","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":"28881408-3d2f-49a2-a7b7-e12bfb04375c","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T11:00:29.530468Z","strongest_claim":"Accounting for all likely ices, we infer that >25% of the total carbon is frozen into CO ice in the GC, which exceeds the entire solar-neighborhood carbon budget. By assuming the freezeout fraction is the same in GC and disk clouds, we obtain a metallicity measurement indicating that Z_GC ≳2.5 Z_⊙.","one_line_summary":"JWST photometry detects CO, H2O, and CO2 ices in Galactic Center clouds, with >25% of carbon frozen in CO ice implying Z_GC ≳2.5 Z_⊙ under equal freezeout assumption.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The assumption that the ice freezeout fraction is identical between Galactic Center and Galactic disk clouds, which is required to convert the fitted ice column densities into the claimed metallicity value.","pith_extraction_headline":"JWST photometry alone can quantify interstellar ices in the Galactic Center, showing over 25 percent of carbon frozen as CO and implying at least 2.5 times solar metallicity."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2510.00292/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":"28881408-3d2f-49a2-a7b7-e12bfb04375c"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Bvm7yBinACLpNJvr3Pc8jjTsB0vzt8KOn3dTsxAXqgOIiY6SpBYpjxl5Kv4RIzO+REnNeclSULAnuHqQn79+AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T22:20:50.929768Z"},"content_sha256":"53d86a687bd808dd47b0c14437cc6cb9773dc995716bf24b3f786cac115db109","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:53d86a687bd808dd47b0c14437cc6cb9773dc995716bf24b3f786cac115db109"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-29T22:20:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UKR3GYRYNV3V","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ae12a965fcfa4a7595438748a2f5adab7e18bee8f2971dc1ce9eb82f887be4f7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-30T21:24:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"17020ca7de30d7298897e2f2d27cd3be50d496accb8e306368cfb8473a8d069d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2510.00292","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2510.00292","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2510.00292v4","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2510.00292","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FBSBVP3TR7PZ","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FBSBVP3TR7PZQ7UK","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FBSBVP3T","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:53d86a687bd808dd47b0c14437cc6cb9773dc995716bf24b3f786cac115db109","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C1","kind":"strongest_claim","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","text":"Accounting for all likely ices, we infer that >25% of the total carbon is frozen into CO ice in the GC, which exceeds the entire solar-neighborhood carbon budget. By assuming the freezeout fraction is the same in GC and disk clouds, we obtain a metallicity measurement indicating that Z_GC ≳2.5 Z_⊙."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C2","kind":"weakest_assumption","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","text":"The assumption that the ice freezeout fraction is identical between Galactic Center and Galactic disk clouds, which is required to convert the fitted ice column densities into the claimed metallicity value."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C3","kind":"one_line_summary","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","text":"JWST photometry detects CO, H2O, and CO2 ices in Galactic Center clouds, with >25% of carbon frozen in CO ice implying Z_GC ≳2.5 Z_⊙ under equal freezeout assumption."},{"attestation":"unclaimed","claim_id":"C4","kind":"headline","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","text":"JWST photometry alone can quantify interstellar ices in the Galactic Center, showing over 25 percent of carbon frozen as CO and implying at least 2.5 times solar metallicity."}],"snapshot_sha256":"62a1cb6bc5283a29ad6a14d67ed5a572a2a11548e989eeb50f94b80ca1a9b2c0"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2510.00292/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ices imprint strong absorption features in the near- and mid-infrared, but until recently they have been studied almost exclusively with spectroscopy toward small samples of bright sources. We show that JWST photometry alone can reveal and quantify interstellar ices, and we present a new open-source modeling tool, icemodels, to produce synthetic photometry of ices based on laboratory measurements. We provide reference tables indicating which filters are likely to be observably affected by ice absorption. Applying these models to NIRCam data of background stars behind \\refereeseveral Galactic C","authors_text":"Adam Ginsburg, Alyssa Bulatek, A. T. Barnes, Brandt A. L. Gaches, Cara D. Battersby, Desmond Jeff, Matthew L. N. Ashby, Miriam G. Santa-Maria, Nazar Budaiev, Neal J. Evans II, Savannah R. Gramze","cross_cats":[],"headline":"JWST photometry alone can quantify interstellar ices in the Galactic Center, showing over 25 percent of carbon frozen as CO and implying at least 2.5 times solar metallicity.","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-30T21:24:50Z","title":"The Colors of Ices: Measuring ice column density through photometry"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2510.00292","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":"2026-05-18T11:00:29.530468Z","id":"28881408-3d2f-49a2-a7b7-e12bfb04375c","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"one_line_summary":"JWST photometry detects CO, H2O, and CO2 ices in Galactic Center clouds, with >25% of carbon frozen in CO ice implying Z_GC ≳2.5 Z_⊙ under equal freezeout assumption.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","pith_extraction_headline":"JWST photometry alone can quantify interstellar ices in the Galactic Center, showing over 25 percent of carbon frozen as CO and implying at least 2.5 times solar metallicity.","strongest_claim":"Accounting for all likely ices, we infer that >25% of the total carbon is frozen into CO ice in the GC, which exceeds the entire solar-neighborhood carbon budget. By assuming the freezeout fraction is the same in GC and disk clouds, we obtain a metallicity measurement indicating that Z_GC ≳2.5 Z_⊙.","weakest_assumption":"The assumption that the ice freezeout fraction is identical between Galactic Center and Galactic disk clouds, which is required to convert the fitted ice column densities into the claimed metallicity value."}},"verdict_id":"28881408-3d2f-49a2-a7b7-e12bfb04375c"}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:585eb644bc9d6b563c05c01b9c8c435908312328d7559b884bb22387c03709c5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ae12a965fcfa4a7595438748a2f5adab7e18bee8f2971dc1ce9eb82f887be4f7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2025-09-30T21:24:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"17020ca7de30d7298897e2f2d27cd3be50d496accb8e306368cfb8473a8d069d"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2510.00292","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"28641abf738fdf987e8a8ecd88e1b5dd60f1c91731b243e582fc8c842c50fb89","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"28641abf738fdf987e8a8ecd88e1b5dd60f1c91731b243e582fc8c842c50fb89","first_computed_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09.718568Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09.718568Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"MhtvRlzwQLKSWKMzdPsLJxr73+cDDwtd6MPfB/p8qr9URNZfHcAHP6CW6+dvVToEUQtJl8np5n/oNQV9hXnfBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-09T01:05:09.719101Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2510.00292","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:585eb644bc9d6b563c05c01b9c8c435908312328d7559b884bb22387c03709c5","sha256:53d86a687bd808dd47b0c14437cc6cb9773dc995716bf24b3f786cac115db109"],"state_sha256":"93cd72436c67d5d10e3ecd82f514d871e3e568a77b7748465ab6aaebfe8f56eb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eJprk8SMnic5HOPbBdMgNabDvJGkyezaCSo9L4aW79czfd+g/DOVBGyIMmKSuA6aIlsq6E+n7AOfRAZROm+ECw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-29T22:20:50.932059Z","bundle_sha256":"d761beaa1c7b3fa38c67997b023bfa143863d9e0e0e242864f9c0e0c86b0f9dd"}}