{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF","short_pith_number":"pith:FCIC47BT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.08348","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-21T23:48:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0fd976f9a59181982129a287cac206bf1b504dd97c5f03905bfcc670e3fa20b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"3884036a75a3283b7c9f9ca5129d1e88358aba090fe764e993c8148eb6fe9242"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"28902e7c335f9cab9b7fa1c7730dcd5177b62d92bcbe7e084944f0773bb3a6cc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.08348","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.08348","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.08348v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.08348","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FCIC47BTL6OK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FCIC47BTL6OKXG37","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FCIC47BT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.08348","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-21T23:48:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0fd976f9a59181982129a287cac206bf1b504dd97c5f03905bfcc670e3fa20b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"3884036a75a3283b7c9f9ca5129d1e88358aba090fe764e993c8148eb6fe9242"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"28902e7c335f9cab9b7fa1c7730dcd5177b62d92bcbe7e084944f0773bb3a6cc","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12.911646Z","signature_b64":"n01im7cYYsQZsdHMl+OSh7rkMbC7pNGwLT4H7nta/9c9nfboaquIM/ON8VEzY65aJYSUEIsQ0WK3ARnG0L7YCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"28902e7c335f9cab9b7fa1c7730dcd5177b62d92bcbe7e084944f0773bb3a6cc","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12.911065Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12.911065Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1809.08348","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pDNT7/NWoiPvBsn4rTbJuVcK6OXDS/EkElcUyscThuD7y5oybssJjoeMtm10mB/NiGP4bigL8UaOnhm81+LfCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T15:48:15.577165Z"},"content_sha256":"1aedd1515fc359335904e6088643b93b7c38790db192fde1512e3302c84db167","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1aedd1515fc359335904e6088643b93b7c38790db192fde1512e3302c84db167"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On The Nature of Variations in the Measured Star Formation Efficiency of Molecular Clouds","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Claude-Andr\\'e Faucher-Gigu\\`ere, Eve J. Lee, L. Clifton Johnson, Michael Y. Grudi\\'c, Norman Murray, Philip F. Hopkins","submitted_at":"2018-09-21T23:48:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"Measurements of the star formation efficiency (SFE) of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Milky Way generally show a large scatter, which could be intrinsic or observational. We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations of GMCs (including feedback) to forward-model the relationship between the true GMC SFE and observational proxies. We show that individual GMCs trace broad ranges of observed SFE throughout collapse, star formation, and disruption. Low measured SFEs (<<1%) are \"real\" but correspond to early stages, the true \"per-freefall\" SFE where most stars actually form can be much larger. Very "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.08348","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"33ObIDiQA+NpjsGgoiyd7NegWUUcAmFF0wqNH2EMfDG6JDdDk/Bt3TfTyk/kBEKO69vtT+wcnwhBZHv7s4ehCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T15:48:15.577527Z"},"content_sha256":"7b0157df7db56641ca656a03210a299454842233f18c51b39d331dfbacf426ae","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7b0157df7db56641ca656a03210a299454842233f18c51b39d331dfbacf426ae"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T15:48:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:FCIC47BTL6OKXG37UHDXGDONKF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3884036a75a3283b7c9f9ca5129d1e88358aba090fe764e993c8148eb6fe9242","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-21T23:48:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"0fd976f9a59181982129a287cac206bf1b504dd97c5f03905bfcc670e3fa20b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.08348","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.08348","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.08348v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.08348","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FCIC47BTL6OK","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FCIC47BTL6OKXG37","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FCIC47BT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7b0157df7db56641ca656a03210a299454842233f18c51b39d331dfbacf426ae","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Measurements of the star formation efficiency (SFE) of giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in the Milky Way generally show a large scatter, which could be intrinsic or observational. We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations of GMCs (including feedback) to forward-model the relationship between the true GMC SFE and observational proxies. We show that individual GMCs trace broad ranges of observed SFE throughout collapse, star formation, and disruption. Low measured SFEs (<<1%) are \"real\" but correspond to early stages, the true \"per-freefall\" SFE where most stars actually form can be much larger. Very ","authors_text":"Claude-Andr\\'e Faucher-Gigu\\`ere, Eve J. Lee, L. Clifton Johnson, Michael Y. Grudi\\'c, Norman Murray, Philip F. Hopkins","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-21T23:48:55Z","title":"On The Nature of Variations in the Measured Star Formation Efficiency of Molecular Clouds"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.08348","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1aedd1515fc359335904e6088643b93b7c38790db192fde1512e3302c84db167","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3884036a75a3283b7c9f9ca5129d1e88358aba090fe764e993c8148eb6fe9242","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2018-09-21T23:48:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"0fd976f9a59181982129a287cac206bf1b504dd97c5f03905bfcc670e3fa20b8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1809.08348","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"28902e7c335f9cab9b7fa1c7730dcd5177b62d92bcbe7e084944f0773bb3a6cc","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"28902e7c335f9cab9b7fa1c7730dcd5177b62d92bcbe7e084944f0773bb3a6cc","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12.911065Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12.911065Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"n01im7cYYsQZsdHMl+OSh7rkMbC7pNGwLT4H7nta/9c9nfboaquIM/ON8VEzY65aJYSUEIsQ0WK3ARnG0L7YCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:12.911646Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1809.08348","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1aedd1515fc359335904e6088643b93b7c38790db192fde1512e3302c84db167","sha256:7b0157df7db56641ca656a03210a299454842233f18c51b39d331dfbacf426ae"],"state_sha256":"bd6100e7c82d89a9947b61080ca695902573c2dc86d3d2d722d3aa0606ed2d2e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IlS1G/wTOCQjges6RsyVNF1MT3/8cjVoMRFg3GbrmSuKtr0D+jztKeNz1mUwgBTOGCGLo8EU56GIb6/HLDfABw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T15:48:15.579500Z","bundle_sha256":"29d22cfe058f6b1141dac9d442392dd940fc8773eda05ed9316bcea260166167"}}