{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII","short_pith_number":"pith:FKYC6EYQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.03165","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T15:35:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.ET","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"b7ef587b7db1bb96181369b78e7d12c1b5ee24e1946a5152700f9122578109a9","abstract_canon_sha256":"d314170e60f0fbfefe7c222e087e84784d4e2aa644729530478e88fcf8baa4a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ab02f13106fd4f63f8c1f4cb33b674218770a5caf98ffe44dbb3b149d5c9aa8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1906.03165","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.03165","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.03165v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.03165","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FKYC6EYQN7KP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4M","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FKYC6EYQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1906.03165","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T15:35:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.ET","eess.SP","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"b7ef587b7db1bb96181369b78e7d12c1b5ee24e1946a5152700f9122578109a9","abstract_canon_sha256":"d314170e60f0fbfefe7c222e087e84784d4e2aa644729530478e88fcf8baa4a5"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2ab02f13106fd4f63f8c1f4cb33b674218770a5caf98ffe44dbb3b149d5c9aa8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19.969989Z","signature_b64":"VeKrL8PmGhvN6ydvgrCAVv1zbTh+fyFKuuGvMZO3A+zsHRuTpo9dQxFTSqTV+RoCiIasOrcmsJ+K6Kukp1lLCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2ab02f13106fd4f63f8c1f4cb33b674218770a5caf98ffe44dbb3b149d5c9aa8","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19.969532Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19.969532Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1906.03165","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jSChZUdkvzIGaMpBmCIGOWPnhVDAYBYJ3MhpgWLA9BLj9tbxSZbdIChBNYumpvucpd78Hkns57oQAXe2fy1nDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T19:31:07.053402Z"},"content_sha256":"a0b87c33d693ef9bcedbbfb30a2e0ea8bbe33063692150ee77f0a99813c8f9c3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a0b87c33d693ef9bcedbbfb30a2e0ea8bbe33063692150ee77f0a99813c8f9c3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Beamforming Optimization for Wireless Network Aided by Intelligent Reflecting Surface with Discrete Phase Shifts","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.ET","eess.SP","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.IT","authors_text":"Qingqing Wu, Rui Zhang","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T15:35:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a cost-effective solution for achieving high spectrum and energy efficiency in future wireless networks by leveraging massive low-cost passive elements that are able to reflect the signals with adjustable phase shifts. Prior works on IRS mainly consider continuous phase shifts at reflecting elements, which are practically difficult to implement due to the hardware limitation. In contrast, we study in this paper an IRS-aided wireless network, where an IRS with only a finite number of phase shifts at each element is deployed to assist in the communication "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.03165","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1906.03165/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MfbELUk4yiyxPWEymEe8GyayiTlNSZ2lpKq268OjRSIjaVxtg37XxzXVUXa+6TiLopxXHUyISv+HONVm4mF4Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T19:31:07.054289Z"},"content_sha256":"a599b5cf149172d60bb3f0ce544eff95f9368f8cf37c2e582ddb966c01514076","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a599b5cf149172d60bb3f0ce544eff95f9368f8cf37c2e582ddb966c01514076"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-15T19:31:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4MD5GLGO3HII","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d314170e60f0fbfefe7c222e087e84784d4e2aa644729530478e88fcf8baa4a5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.ET","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T15:35:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"b7ef587b7db1bb96181369b78e7d12c1b5ee24e1946a5152700f9122578109a9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.03165","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1906.03165","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1906.03165v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1906.03165","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FKYC6EYQN7KP","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FKYC6EYQN7KPMP4M","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FKYC6EYQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a599b5cf149172d60bb3f0ce544eff95f9368f8cf37c2e582ddb966c01514076","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1906.03165/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a cost-effective solution for achieving high spectrum and energy efficiency in future wireless networks by leveraging massive low-cost passive elements that are able to reflect the signals with adjustable phase shifts. Prior works on IRS mainly consider continuous phase shifts at reflecting elements, which are practically difficult to implement due to the hardware limitation. In contrast, we study in this paper an IRS-aided wireless network, where an IRS with only a finite number of phase shifts at each element is deployed to assist in the communication ","authors_text":"Qingqing Wu, Rui Zhang","cross_cats":["cs.ET","eess.SP","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T15:35:47Z","title":"Beamforming Optimization for Wireless Network Aided by Intelligent Reflecting Surface with Discrete Phase Shifts"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1906.03165","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a0b87c33d693ef9bcedbbfb30a2e0ea8bbe33063692150ee77f0a99813c8f9c3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d314170e60f0fbfefe7c222e087e84784d4e2aa644729530478e88fcf8baa4a5","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.ET","eess.SP","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.IT","submitted_at":"2019-06-07T15:35:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"b7ef587b7db1bb96181369b78e7d12c1b5ee24e1946a5152700f9122578109a9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1906.03165","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"2ab02f13106fd4f63f8c1f4cb33b674218770a5caf98ffe44dbb3b149d5c9aa8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2ab02f13106fd4f63f8c1f4cb33b674218770a5caf98ffe44dbb3b149d5c9aa8","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19.969532Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19.969532Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VeKrL8PmGhvN6ydvgrCAVv1zbTh+fyFKuuGvMZO3A+zsHRuTpo9dQxFTSqTV+RoCiIasOrcmsJ+K6Kukp1lLCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:29:19.969989Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1906.03165","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a0b87c33d693ef9bcedbbfb30a2e0ea8bbe33063692150ee77f0a99813c8f9c3","sha256:a599b5cf149172d60bb3f0ce544eff95f9368f8cf37c2e582ddb966c01514076"],"state_sha256":"a1777752703d70235f1facff5ad0e6eeefdefdbb756d3ce97acc69b06d486e7d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y4WMtx6sLTk8ogkOsmQXFNCOv0RuAfyTUbXwOe0xdGZxDz2aPNxELOKeIegDGjh0agapeo5o555Kn+tlyNXEBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-15T19:31:07.060518Z","bundle_sha256":"c5beb164da4ec7cd6ed14c24f4bdbb939b54aa01a878fb94d1d542877967c45c"}}