{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2015:FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS","short_pith_number":"pith:FN7ODB54","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"2b7ee187bc418d091e32750d42b0bf4cb94ad1e2c989d6f05abc92e8c5f63a02","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1510.02094","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Growing the gas-giant planets by the gradual accumulation of pebbles","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Harold F. Levison, Katherine A. Kretke, Martin J. Duncan","submitted_at":"2015-10-07T20:07:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"It is widely held that the first step in forming the gas giant planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, is to form solid `cores' of roughly 10 M$_\\oplus$. Getting the cores to form before the solar nebula dissipates ($\\sim\\!1-10\\,$Myr) has been a major challenge for planet formation models. Recently models have emerged in which `pebbles' (centimeter- to meter-size objects) are first concentrated by aerodynamic drag and then gravitationally collapse to form 100 --- 1000 km objects. These `planetesimals' can then efficiently accrete leftover pebbles and directly form the cores of giant planets. This"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1510.02094","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2015-10-07T20:07:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"116a921574dfa9c4f855b5555fe8c8245387b98414477d4eb6ebdf6cbac0b42e","abstract_canon_sha256":"61b6a92ce45d8a6230b6788158bb8968fc863fe93ccbba78a9f90295c1ee994f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:48.511039Z","signature_b64":"nVErOIPpZz7b18sJLFwM5XabKW6CDlWHBrbTsKIx7sdJDt9wlEDe8aXYzJ+YPZRcb6I23rnMz7WbfEEtjL1oCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2b7ee187bc418d091e32750d42b0bf4cb94ad1e2c989d6f05abc92e8c5f63a02","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:48.510371Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:48.510371Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Growing the gas-giant planets by the gradual accumulation of pebbles","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Harold F. Levison, Katherine A. Kretke, Martin J. Duncan","submitted_at":"2015-10-07T20:07:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"It is widely held that the first step in forming the gas giant planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, is to form solid `cores' of roughly 10 M$_\\oplus$. Getting the cores to form before the solar nebula dissipates ($\\sim\\!1-10\\,$Myr) has been a major challenge for planet formation models. Recently models have emerged in which `pebbles' (centimeter- to meter-size objects) are first concentrated by aerodynamic drag and then gravitationally collapse to form 100 --- 1000 km objects. These `planetesimals' can then efficiently accrete leftover pebbles and directly form the cores of giant planets. This"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1510.02094","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1510.02094","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:48.510452+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1510.02094v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:48.510452+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1510.02094","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:48.510452+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FN7ODB54IGGQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19.899920+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FN7ODB54IGGQSHRS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19.899920+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FN7ODB54","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:19.899920+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS","json":"https://pith.science/pith/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/FN7ODB54"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/FN7ODB54","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1510.02094&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/FN7ODB54IGGQSHRSOUGUFMF7JS/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:48.510452+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T01:30:48.510452+00:00"}