{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD","short_pith_number":"pith:FWO2RVDK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.12609","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-30T02:05:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"54c0ecccb25fc06e6dbfcf07d5ffcabd15bcd16fb5e1c32df3af5ed7bc452609","abstract_canon_sha256":"799e3082d928bba1b8d61e0188e692642cc1bf5ec5ca62eabc2c0ef745727f92"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2d9da8d46aa94ca73f01ee2e9820cbb0dff71c31995d9a1f03dbfd71d9bfd0f1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2301.12609","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.12609","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.12609v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.12609","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FWO2RVDKVFGK","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FWO2RVDK","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2301.12609","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-30T02:05:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"title_canon_sha256":"54c0ecccb25fc06e6dbfcf07d5ffcabd15bcd16fb5e1c32df3af5ed7bc452609","abstract_canon_sha256":"799e3082d928bba1b8d61e0188e692642cc1bf5ec5ca62eabc2c0ef745727f92"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"2d9da8d46aa94ca73f01ee2e9820cbb0dff71c31995d9a1f03dbfd71d9bfd0f1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45.076114Z","signature_b64":"h1LR1ICYBk1YmlwKE7AUqA/HInZ/Bd26Ir/yzkXKSaaf7iX/nM1FyN1GJV2+P6tLdE7arbGbF5lqH94YNnlTDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"2d9da8d46aa94ca73f01ee2e9820cbb0dff71c31995d9a1f03dbfd71d9bfd0f1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45.075686Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45.075686Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2301.12609","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ytv2rlKSrHDGYBAtU/VFSj5soRvEDvHRbNShxMConIazw3GhdoaOxiR6Uy8YBTNh9ysxRFmGI32hfN01KCJ2DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T13:29:43.315131Z"},"content_sha256":"3b87216804b1c5a0461e2073a2600692e82c6303dfe14cb7ec1582397b474195","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3b87216804b1c5a0461e2073a2600692e82c6303dfe14cb7ec1582397b474195"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Knowledge Distillation $\\approx$ Label Smoothing: Fact or Fallacy?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Md Arafat Sultan","submitted_at":"2023-01-30T02:05:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"Originally proposed as a method for knowledge transfer from one model to another, some recent studies have suggested that knowledge distillation (KD) is in fact a form of regularization. Perhaps the strongest argument of all for this new perspective comes from its apparent similarities with label smoothing (LS). Here we re-examine this stated equivalence between the two methods by comparing the predictive confidences of the models they train. Experiments on four text classification tasks involving models of different sizes show that: (a) In most settings, KD and LS drive model confidence in co"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.12609","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2301.12609/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JTDsSt2LtXIG83mDub259tgvM/ce6J6UnmFK0mgd2kzOz6Rio6X188wz5kxt/FBLQHp6wUcE8HGR+jcQZOe2DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T13:29:43.315523Z"},"content_sha256":"1c58c16ca58733eadc3dcc10ac3f1804e730c74b0a5a8dfb4cda595f6f88dad4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1c58c16ca58733eadc3dcc10ac3f1804e730c74b0a5a8dfb4cda595f6f88dad4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T13:29:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB5YXJQIGLWD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"799e3082d928bba1b8d61e0188e692642cc1bf5ec5ca62eabc2c0ef745727f92","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-30T02:05:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"54c0ecccb25fc06e6dbfcf07d5ffcabd15bcd16fb5e1c32df3af5ed7bc452609"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.12609","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2301.12609","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2301.12609v4","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2301.12609","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"FWO2RVDKVFGK","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"FWO2RVDKVFGKOPYB","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"FWO2RVDK","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1c58c16ca58733eadc3dcc10ac3f1804e730c74b0a5a8dfb4cda595f6f88dad4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2301.12609/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Originally proposed as a method for knowledge transfer from one model to another, some recent studies have suggested that knowledge distillation (KD) is in fact a form of regularization. Perhaps the strongest argument of all for this new perspective comes from its apparent similarities with label smoothing (LS). Here we re-examine this stated equivalence between the two methods by comparing the predictive confidences of the models they train. Experiments on four text classification tasks involving models of different sizes show that: (a) In most settings, KD and LS drive model confidence in co","authors_text":"Md Arafat Sultan","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-30T02:05:24Z","title":"Knowledge Distillation $\\approx$ Label Smoothing: Fact or Fallacy?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2301.12609","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3b87216804b1c5a0461e2073a2600692e82c6303dfe14cb7ec1582397b474195","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"799e3082d928bba1b8d61e0188e692642cc1bf5ec5ca62eabc2c0ef745727f92","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CL"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-01-30T02:05:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"54c0ecccb25fc06e6dbfcf07d5ffcabd15bcd16fb5e1c32df3af5ed7bc452609"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2301.12609","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"2d9da8d46aa94ca73f01ee2e9820cbb0dff71c31995d9a1f03dbfd71d9bfd0f1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"2d9da8d46aa94ca73f01ee2e9820cbb0dff71c31995d9a1f03dbfd71d9bfd0f1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45.075686Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45.075686Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"h1LR1ICYBk1YmlwKE7AUqA/HInZ/Bd26Ir/yzkXKSaaf7iX/nM1FyN1GJV2+P6tLdE7arbGbF5lqH94YNnlTDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:04:45.076114Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2301.12609","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3b87216804b1c5a0461e2073a2600692e82c6303dfe14cb7ec1582397b474195","sha256:1c58c16ca58733eadc3dcc10ac3f1804e730c74b0a5a8dfb4cda595f6f88dad4"],"state_sha256":"182dc4160dfad9e71e13f5cf1c52990d1787b83f935bf3d160b11815e3796153"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N0yFhypMO52fju3p4A3S5zswjGUTGEIJXpPpSl4h+CSMd4yDeNadRYCGgMxLfqJIEJhoJx7a16Kxmh8w7R87CA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T13:29:43.317516Z","bundle_sha256":"c202c997bbf9359c33c221667917475bb6892c9fb26ce5ecb1d6d45035878c23"}}