{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ","short_pith_number":"pith:GMOQYV5R","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2015-03-20T15:08:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2668d7b9b0e862ced928661e1edb0afef3b84e9e2692986189a2be90dc701454","abstract_canon_sha256":"dcb12dc3eda7940c68f7aac97c2723924ccd56f273592f1a280ae23180164057"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"331d0c57b14ed177197186706695a1b247bfd5ac89635fd9829c0b01ed8fde18","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.06099","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.06099","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.06099v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.06099","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GMOQYV5RJ3IX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GMOQYV5R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2015-03-20T15:08:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2668d7b9b0e862ced928661e1edb0afef3b84e9e2692986189a2be90dc701454","abstract_canon_sha256":"dcb12dc3eda7940c68f7aac97c2723924ccd56f273592f1a280ae23180164057"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"331d0c57b14ed177197186706695a1b247bfd5ac89635fd9829c0b01ed8fde18","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48.643508Z","signature_b64":"npd/jPKX2dTQcqLVBcWrhJTWU1g+KzgjQymo3RxwHwKFWmYCSsnUc4fW+iVR063dgVHdm5V6U0eq/jgbcxuSAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"331d0c57b14ed177197186706695a1b247bfd5ac89635fd9829c0b01ed8fde18","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48.642742Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48.642742Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.06099","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5B3bwkPyQ8tRrGdJLR6dhyUCKkkHioy+xbNPjTzu/VR3YfI/FRxefcifYROz7uCc24onzAiREMBo7OFyTgEhCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T08:48:47.626352Z"},"content_sha256":"c0563d6f57c2ea16f03668172b7e5e580cbc243cf0ecacee7b40a834f1c5fe19","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c0563d6f57c2ea16f03668172b7e5e580cbc243cf0ecacee7b40a834f1c5fe19"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"QED trace anomaly, non-local Lagrangians and quantum Equivalence Principle violations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Basem Kamal El-Menoufi, John F. Donoghue","submitted_at":"2015-03-20T15:08:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"We discuss the derivation of the trace anomaly using a non-local effective action at one loop. This provides a simple and instructive form and emphasizes infrared physics. We then use this example to explore several of the properties of non-local actions, including displaying the action for the full non-local energy-momentum tensor. As an application, we show that the long-distance corrections at one loop lead to quantum violations of some classical consequences of the equivalence principle, for example producing a frequency dependence of the gravitational bending of light."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+aUo9XMuBVTZhIA6IZh9z0jjc4iJCa2Cm3BciT1nvwuOUJ04ICObDn2NHcgUXdi5kzN7llSgUGBmqTR9lqNpAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T08:48:47.626702Z"},"content_sha256":"11a0483a2792f1a278a35b22ebd76f8813482d5bf781b31d1b1c8de6e0ef8ef1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:11a0483a2792f1a278a35b22ebd76f8813482d5bf781b31d1b1c8de6e0ef8ef1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-06T08:48:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLRQZYGNFNBWJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dcb12dc3eda7940c68f7aac97c2723924ccd56f273592f1a280ae23180164057","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2015-03-20T15:08:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"2668d7b9b0e862ced928661e1edb0afef3b84e9e2692986189a2be90dc701454"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.06099","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.06099v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.06099","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GMOQYV5RJ3IX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GMOQYV5RJ3IXOGLR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GMOQYV5R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:22Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:11a0483a2792f1a278a35b22ebd76f8813482d5bf781b31d1b1c8de6e0ef8ef1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We discuss the derivation of the trace anomaly using a non-local effective action at one loop. This provides a simple and instructive form and emphasizes infrared physics. We then use this example to explore several of the properties of non-local actions, including displaying the action for the full non-local energy-momentum tensor. As an application, we show that the long-distance corrections at one loop lead to quantum violations of some classical consequences of the equivalence principle, for example producing a frequency dependence of the gravitational bending of light.","authors_text":"Basem Kamal El-Menoufi, John F. Donoghue","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2015-03-20T15:08:46Z","title":"QED trace anomaly, non-local Lagrangians and quantum Equivalence Principle violations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c0563d6f57c2ea16f03668172b7e5e580cbc243cf0ecacee7b40a834f1c5fe19","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dcb12dc3eda7940c68f7aac97c2723924ccd56f273592f1a280ae23180164057","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2015-03-20T15:08:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"2668d7b9b0e862ced928661e1edb0afef3b84e9e2692986189a2be90dc701454"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.06099","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"331d0c57b14ed177197186706695a1b247bfd5ac89635fd9829c0b01ed8fde18","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"331d0c57b14ed177197186706695a1b247bfd5ac89635fd9829c0b01ed8fde18","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48.642742Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48.642742Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"npd/jPKX2dTQcqLVBcWrhJTWU1g+KzgjQymo3RxwHwKFWmYCSsnUc4fW+iVR063dgVHdm5V6U0eq/jgbcxuSAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:20:48.643508Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.06099","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c0563d6f57c2ea16f03668172b7e5e580cbc243cf0ecacee7b40a834f1c5fe19","sha256:11a0483a2792f1a278a35b22ebd76f8813482d5bf781b31d1b1c8de6e0ef8ef1"],"state_sha256":"0dae6ccd8803296292502ba7f46e87e5b117783e4f2d59ea7ee5fd836f925f4e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eWNpP87cfw/avdNjNf/aPMrs/EQ3Qk68MqJnjA4JInlsq3KsdUsQD1k2jXn4ICWmINR4BYb/K1hrIkgT6UwoCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-06T08:48:47.628634Z","bundle_sha256":"2785595aaafd1e151d67bf4497c8a8c0d69b86faf4fa89d369d273991ffba697"}}