{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:GVIDEOGTBOHSYI3FHFEXUMQQUW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b165e688739418ba9cbe3fdbfd85b48d93ea15951a89a035efdc725ac762b57b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-03T15:27:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"277358cf8b1cc4fc6730a4a69df5d84327b5ee6e0b35bc44b35179bd467c07ec"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.0881","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.0881","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.0881v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.0881","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:05Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GVIDEOGTBOHS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GVIDEOGTBOHSYI3F","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GVIDEOGT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:30Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f77c763000ccb914abcd599bf9d447e0af422d6b03d497a11373d503ec4dcc3f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We review and extend existing frameworks on modeling to develop a new framework that describes model-based reasoning in upper-division physics labs. Constructing and using models are core scientific practices that have gained significant attention within K-12 and higher education. Although modeling is a broadly applicable process, within physics education, it has been preferentially applied to the iterative development of broadly applicable principles (e.g., Newton's laws of motion in introductory mechanics). A significant feature of the new framework is that measurement tools (in addition to ","authors_text":"Benjamin M. Zwickl, Dehui Hu, H. J. Lewandowski, Noah Finkelstein","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-03T15:27:47Z","title":"Model-Based Reasoning in the Upper-Division Physics Laboratory: Framework and Initial Results"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.0881","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3973f5ff65897a66cb538537dcc195243baa17a65f5db5ab7dd32a78fa56d28c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:05Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b165e688739418ba9cbe3fdbfd85b48d93ea15951a89a035efdc725ac762b57b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ed-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-03T15:27:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"277358cf8b1cc4fc6730a4a69df5d84327b5ee6e0b35bc44b35179bd467c07ec"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.0881","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"35503238d30b8f2c236539497a3210a5887621f2c087b40d1d7655c987c5896e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"35503238d30b8f2c236539497a3210a5887621f2c087b40d1d7655c987c5896e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:05.023571Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:05.023571Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1EgxBM9USBS16Af9NfrJ5E+Oaky1bmfxGZjdksRDfsrvVOrvr7Zf8GdAJ2v6srTQdEx9tff+yqGA4/Bf2sfsCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:29:05.024257Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1410.0881","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3973f5ff65897a66cb538537dcc195243baa17a65f5db5ab7dd32a78fa56d28c","sha256:f77c763000ccb914abcd599bf9d447e0af422d6b03d497a11373d503ec4dcc3f"],"state_sha256":"8b1a1ce64567aefde9599e3a05ddff3182e983921ae1fc276c3b2360660137c6"}