{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK","short_pith_number":"pith:GWUM3HUZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0809.0928","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2008-09-05T15:23:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1fb0888ec34150d24078bbb53f849c69aed1c536d4dc4dda7e6b7d349511cc1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"7856f213d2aaca1cd0d9c79e0a8e13909a3fb7b46b452e0465f0fae323e8e6ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"35a8cd9e99aad20802930dc38e983e528c97f7eb96488103968124de3e2d511a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0809.0928","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0809.0928","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0809.0928v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0809.0928","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GWUM3HUZVLJA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GWUM3HUZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0809.0928","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2008-09-05T15:23:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1fb0888ec34150d24078bbb53f849c69aed1c536d4dc4dda7e6b7d349511cc1b","abstract_canon_sha256":"7856f213d2aaca1cd0d9c79e0a8e13909a3fb7b46b452e0465f0fae323e8e6ad"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"35a8cd9e99aad20802930dc38e983e528c97f7eb96488103968124de3e2d511a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09.604806Z","signature_b64":"ABDha2zTiVmOpTJkjE6jeu7s3nA4Sc1PSCoF13vieTJs0bDP8lpmpJaEEsSipIM1b2q8CdWjjA/GTm/n/rmSBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"35a8cd9e99aad20802930dc38e983e528c97f7eb96488103968124de3e2d511a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09.604044Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09.604044Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0809.0928","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bAtP3YOVgQENNZcX/L+sqiuRGRT8I/R8DbIgoXAwyAJF7IhM3dZ0o2hvOYT0OoT4jA5oMBjQ27affMkPMfSfAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T00:47:00.553308Z"},"content_sha256":"8c4b6bbeedab306d4411a02167bb266c83475cc867d04177b99f1b57c221009e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8c4b6bbeedab306d4411a02167bb266c83475cc867d04177b99f1b57c221009e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The annealing mechanism of AuGe/Ni/Au ohmic contacts to a two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"A. D. Wieck, B. J. Kooi, B. J. van Wees, C. H. van der Wal, D. Reuter, E. J. Koop, F. Limbach, M. Boute, M. J. Iqbal","submitted_at":"2008-09-05T15:23:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ohmic contacts to a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures are often realized by annealing of AuGe/Ni/Au that is deposited on its surface. We studied how the quality of this type of ohmic contact depends on the annealing time and temperature, and how optimal parameters depend on the depth of the 2DEG below the surface. Combined with transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry studies of the annealed contacts, our results allow for identifying the annealing mechanism and proposing a model that can predict optimal annealing parameters fo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0809.0928","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"f7XszCXaNalF5zTLNhB6IzBOBZzRAykxrosWxlTbbZX5IZtZnmQEFX1Cw7coogwi7EXbgyT65mepqdp+icA3BA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T00:47:00.553674Z"},"content_sha256":"cbfb603b65708b4f87d4a2d1ed1102780ebb43d648a64e7705b6d0d0d07ef345","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cbfb603b65708b4f87d4a2d1ed1102780ebb43d648a64e7705b6d0d0d07ef345"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-24T00:47:00Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUTBXBY5GB6KK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7856f213d2aaca1cd0d9c79e0a8e13909a3fb7b46b452e0465f0fae323e8e6ad","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2008-09-05T15:23:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"1fb0888ec34150d24078bbb53f849c69aed1c536d4dc4dda7e6b7d349511cc1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0809.0928","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0809.0928","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0809.0928v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0809.0928","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"GWUM3HUZVLJA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"GWUM3HUZVLJAQAUT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"GWUM3HUZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cbfb603b65708b4f87d4a2d1ed1102780ebb43d648a64e7705b6d0d0d07ef345","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ohmic contacts to a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures are often realized by annealing of AuGe/Ni/Au that is deposited on its surface. We studied how the quality of this type of ohmic contact depends on the annealing time and temperature, and how optimal parameters depend on the depth of the 2DEG below the surface. Combined with transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry studies of the annealed contacts, our results allow for identifying the annealing mechanism and proposing a model that can predict optimal annealing parameters fo","authors_text":"A. D. Wieck, B. J. Kooi, B. J. van Wees, C. H. van der Wal, D. Reuter, E. J. Koop, F. Limbach, M. Boute, M. J. Iqbal","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2008-09-05T15:23:42Z","title":"The annealing mechanism of AuGe/Ni/Au ohmic contacts to a two-dimensional electron gas in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0809.0928","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:8c4b6bbeedab306d4411a02167bb266c83475cc867d04177b99f1b57c221009e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7856f213d2aaca1cd0d9c79e0a8e13909a3fb7b46b452e0465f0fae323e8e6ad","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2008-09-05T15:23:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"1fb0888ec34150d24078bbb53f849c69aed1c536d4dc4dda7e6b7d349511cc1b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0809.0928","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"35a8cd9e99aad20802930dc38e983e528c97f7eb96488103968124de3e2d511a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"35a8cd9e99aad20802930dc38e983e528c97f7eb96488103968124de3e2d511a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09.604044Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09.604044Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ABDha2zTiVmOpTJkjE6jeu7s3nA4Sc1PSCoF13vieTJs0bDP8lpmpJaEEsSipIM1b2q8CdWjjA/GTm/n/rmSBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:37:09.604806Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0809.0928","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:8c4b6bbeedab306d4411a02167bb266c83475cc867d04177b99f1b57c221009e","sha256:cbfb603b65708b4f87d4a2d1ed1102780ebb43d648a64e7705b6d0d0d07ef345"],"state_sha256":"4d788d82a240bc20701c79b3da9a80cda55b47c28972bbe7a8032fa09a8441e0"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IpW1qKG009o9EbHRUB4DNsFsLumhmvW2o4OUKbnzQ5y4+3jY7DLKZKN4HcFtJRqLokADYzz4kcSf3RHd+xeRCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-24T00:47:00.555570Z","bundle_sha256":"53066241a9f6c9947e7d094fadb260855cd21d16f7de3752e0b0844baaed53d9"}}