{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES","short_pith_number":"pith:H32CUIUS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.08460","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-08-25T18:31:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"b690982cc0835f053720b57dd62a54a593239f0d52b9e32914e63f003396cee2","abstract_canon_sha256":"2ff5f8ada7e5dc57afcfc7ccff9ffa32a095485c34bbf333222d82eaeb59d9e7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3ef42a229218bf2f7e69326baf3ea22495e474349df418efebbff23b447442d7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.08460","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.08460","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.08460v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.08460","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H32CUIUSDC7S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H32CUIUSDC7S67TJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H32CUIUS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.08460","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-08-25T18:31:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"b690982cc0835f053720b57dd62a54a593239f0d52b9e32914e63f003396cee2","abstract_canon_sha256":"2ff5f8ada7e5dc57afcfc7ccff9ffa32a095485c34bbf333222d82eaeb59d9e7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"3ef42a229218bf2f7e69326baf3ea22495e474349df418efebbff23b447442d7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08.148173Z","signature_b64":"4DJIqDDYVCOQ1keZoythikOU+JcG0ilCIWF1B6vvp35nduZQgkT3NpzrKEAV95BctQDy6WgDTL+zu+2zajMsDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"3ef42a229218bf2f7e69326baf3ea22495e474349df418efebbff23b447442d7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08.147706Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08.147706Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.08460","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZQUG3fLR+FmHFLe/HGSg6acd2+pgwa0YDB+ygXArx2xLEsDTKSaAjjUUzqmLYtIksp6jsFVZD/nZbEJkdrIECQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T14:52:43.619939Z"},"content_sha256":"a5b81be632221735807c65ca0f5803a3b9cd3ce041ab271c537e8baceea0a4db","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a5b81be632221735807c65ca0f5803a3b9cd3ce041ab271c537e8baceea0a4db"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Social Cost of Strategic Classification","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Anca D. Dragan, John Miller, Moritz Hardt, Smitha Milli","submitted_at":"2018-08-25T18:31:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"Consequential decision-making typically incentivizes individuals to behave strategically, tailoring their behavior to the specifics of the decision rule. A long line of work has therefore sought to counteract strategic behavior by designing more conservative decision boundaries in an effort to increase robustness to the effects of strategic covariate shift. We show that these efforts benefit the institutional decision maker at the expense of the individuals being classified. Introducing a notion of social burden, we prove that any increase in institutional utility necessarily leads to a corres"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.08460","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"pLWyPzK4jnfcxmaBe5JY1aunyvb/TX/JsYcxUZY0LP4ZK1VbGoxU5K2C5xBW+9SrZ87PANr57p3QdpZv37Y5DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T14:52:43.620494Z"},"content_sha256":"d025cb8c4e4db4b652ad28b1bdaa924fbdff6dbc6b4737d96291c180d97eb348","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d025cb8c4e4db4b652ad28b1bdaa924fbdff6dbc6b4737d96291c180d97eb348"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T14:52:43Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:H32CUIUSDC7S67TJGJV26PVCES","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2ff5f8ada7e5dc57afcfc7ccff9ffa32a095485c34bbf333222d82eaeb59d9e7","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-08-25T18:31:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"b690982cc0835f053720b57dd62a54a593239f0d52b9e32914e63f003396cee2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.08460","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.08460","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.08460v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.08460","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"H32CUIUSDC7S","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"H32CUIUSDC7S67TJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"H32CUIUS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d025cb8c4e4db4b652ad28b1bdaa924fbdff6dbc6b4737d96291c180d97eb348","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Consequential decision-making typically incentivizes individuals to behave strategically, tailoring their behavior to the specifics of the decision rule. A long line of work has therefore sought to counteract strategic behavior by designing more conservative decision boundaries in an effort to increase robustness to the effects of strategic covariate shift. We show that these efforts benefit the institutional decision maker at the expense of the individuals being classified. Introducing a notion of social burden, we prove that any increase in institutional utility necessarily leads to a corres","authors_text":"Anca D. Dragan, John Miller, Moritz Hardt, Smitha Milli","cross_cats":["stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-08-25T18:31:52Z","title":"The Social Cost of Strategic Classification"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.08460","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a5b81be632221735807c65ca0f5803a3b9cd3ce041ab271c537e8baceea0a4db","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2ff5f8ada7e5dc57afcfc7ccff9ffa32a095485c34bbf333222d82eaeb59d9e7","cross_cats_sorted":["stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-08-25T18:31:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"b690982cc0835f053720b57dd62a54a593239f0d52b9e32914e63f003396cee2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.08460","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"3ef42a229218bf2f7e69326baf3ea22495e474349df418efebbff23b447442d7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"3ef42a229218bf2f7e69326baf3ea22495e474349df418efebbff23b447442d7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08.147706Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08.147706Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4DJIqDDYVCOQ1keZoythikOU+JcG0ilCIWF1B6vvp35nduZQgkT3NpzrKEAV95BctQDy6WgDTL+zu+2zajMsDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:00:08.148173Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.08460","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a5b81be632221735807c65ca0f5803a3b9cd3ce041ab271c537e8baceea0a4db","sha256:d025cb8c4e4db4b652ad28b1bdaa924fbdff6dbc6b4737d96291c180d97eb348"],"state_sha256":"88c03593dbbcc422f5d5bdee113680b2d5698ab12b7d6ae642e41ee497ba2cc8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YR2IFm7CWpCZaqnCaahzfgPfeSz5tBM33jGrN4qt8fa7HDgQNHeZ45cWwCRjF6Zpptg7xlPNkdGscPXMm6XmAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T14:52:43.623826Z","bundle_sha256":"8d531293365cd21dee7d1cdf6cfb56e17a67561f483f6759702355d3560aa623"}}